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However, clinical studies have not supported this theory. Studies have consistently shown that serum testosterone concentrations during acute Covid\u201019 in men are inversely proportional to the inflammatory cytokines and severity of illness. It is likely that lower testosterone concentrations in this setting are a result of acute Covid\u201019 illness on the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular axis. Clinical trials that attempted to lower testosterone concentrations further or block androgen signaling acutely during Covid\u201019 in men did not result in improved Covid\u201019 outcomes. Additionally, pre\u2010existing male hypogonadism, diagnosed before Covid\u201019 pandemic, was found to be a risk factor for hospitalization from Covid\u201019. In this review, we also discuss the preclinical and mechanistic studies that have evaluated the role of androgens in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and illness. Finally, long\u2010term consequences of Covid\u201019 on male reproductive health are reviewed. SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 virus is known to infiltrate testis and induce orchitis in men, but it is unclear if Covid\u201019 leads to an increase in incidence of male hypogonadism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T04:08:30Z","timestamp":1690517310000},"page":"56-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Men, testosterone and Covid\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4078-0238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Groti Antonic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases University Medical Center Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia"},{"name":"Medical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana 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