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The introduction of life\u2010saving glucocorticoid replacement therapy 70 years ago has changed the perception of CAH from a paediatric disorder into a lifelong, chronic condition affecting patients of all age groups. Alongside health problems that can develop during the time of paediatric care, there is an emerging body of evidence suggesting an increased risk of developing co\u2010morbidities during adult life in patients with CAH. The mechanisms that drive the negative long\u2010term outcomes associated with CAH are complex and involve supraphysiological replacement therapies (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids), excess adrenal androgens both in the intrauterine and postnatal life, elevated steroid precursors and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. Alongside a review of mortality outcome, we discuss issues that need to be addressed when caring for the CAH patient including female and male fertility, cardio\u2010metabolic morbidity, bone health and other important long\u2010term outcomes of CAH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T02:19:43Z","timestamp":1694139583000},"page":"318-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Long\u2010term health consequences of congenital adrenal hyperplasia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7808-5735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Pofi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford 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