{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:46:45Z","timestamp":1787014005451,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000294","name":"Medical Research Scotland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000294","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endocrine systems are disrupted in acute illness, and symptoms reported following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) are similar to those found with clinical hormone deficiencies. We hypothesised that people with severe acute COVID\u201019 and with post\u2010COVID symptoms have glucocorticoid and sex hormone deficiencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Samples were obtained for analysis from two UK multicentre cohorts during hospitalisation with COVID\u201019 (\n                      <jats:italic>International Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Consortium\/World Health Organisation [WHO] Clinical Characterization Protocol for Severe Emerging Infections in the UK study<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and at follow\u2010up 5 months after hospitalisation (\n                      <jats:italic>Post\u2010hospitalisation COVID\u201019 study<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma steroids were quantified by liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. Steroid concentrations were compared against disease severity (WHO ordinal scale) and validated symptom scores. Data are presented as geometric mean (SD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the acute cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009239, 66.5% male), plasma cortisol concentration increased with disease severity (cortisol 753.3 [1.6] vs. 429.2 [1.7]\u2009nmol\/L in fatal vs. least severe,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). In males, testosterone concentrations decreased with severity (testosterone 1.2 [2.2] vs. 6.9 [1.9]\u2009nmol\/L in fatal vs. least severe,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). In the follow\u2010up cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009198, 62.1% male, 68.9% ongoing symptoms, 165 [121\u2013192] days postdischarge), plasma cortisol concentrations (275.6 [1.5]\u2009nmol\/L) did not differ with in\u2010hospital severity, perception of recovery, or patient\u2010reported symptoms. Male testosterone concentrations (12.6 [1.5]\u2009nmol\/L) were not related to in\u2010hospital severity, perception of recovery or symptom scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Circulating glucocorticoids in patients hospitalised with COVID\u201019 reflect acute illness, with a marked rise in cortisol and fall in male testosterone. These findings are not observed 5 months from discharge. The lack of association between hormone concentrations and common post\u2010COVID symptoms suggests steroid insufficiency does not play a causal role in this condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T03:34:37Z","timestamp":1705462477000},"page":"317-327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Plasma steroid concentrations reflect acute disease severity and normalise during recovery in people hospitalised with COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Kerri","family":"Devine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BHF\/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh Bioquarter University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clark D.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research Queen's Medical Research Institute Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanny R.","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian R.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BHF\/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh Bioquarter University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie Z. 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