{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:49:10Z","timestamp":1785174550180,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine condition usually managed with levothyroxine (LT4). However, controversy remains around the use of liothyronine (LT3). We aimed to investigate the practices of Australian endocrinologists when managing patients with hypothyroidism, their use of LT3\u2009+\u2009LT4 combination therapy and use of thyroid hormones in euthyroid patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Members of the Endocrine Society of Australia (ESA) were invited to participate in an online questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed questionnaires that had complete demographic data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010seven questionnaires fulfilled the criteria. LT4 was used as first line treatment for hypothyroidism by all respondents. Only 45% reported that their patients were dispensed the brand of LT4 that they recommend. LT3 (alone or in combination) was prescribed by 44% in their clinical practice. Although 49% of respondents would consider LT3\u2009+\u2009LT4 in patients with normal TSH who had ongoing symptoms of hypothyroidism, the inability of LT4 to restore normal physiology was ranked the least likely explanation for persistent symptoms and only 32% would consider it for themselves if they were diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The majority (55%), in accordance with evidence, would not prescribe thyroid hormone to euthyroid individuals but 39% would consider use in euthyroid female infertility with high levels of thyroid antibodies and 11% in euthyroid patients with a simple goitre growing over time. LT4 use in pregnancy was variable among members.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Australian endocrinologists mostly follow international guidelines when prescribing thyroid hormone therapy and many prescribe combination LT3 and LT4 therapy, particularly for patients who remain symptomatic on LT4 monotherapy. Prescribing practices are largely similar to other countries who have completed similar questionnaires.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T07:54:09Z","timestamp":1710143649000},"page":"477-485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Use of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients: A survey of members of the Endocrine Society of Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7101-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Lafontaine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of Western Australia Perth Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8413-561X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7320-5574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petros","family":"Perros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational and Clinical Research Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4790-2733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Papini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Ospedale Regina Apostolorum Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9286-6471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Endre V.","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1417-287X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Attanasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Scientific Committee Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9691-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laszlo","family":"Heged\u00fcs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1766-2612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of Western Australia Perth Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja16.00545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"PBS Analytics and Strategic Insight Section Pricing and PBS Policy Branch Technology Assessment and Access Division. PBS Expenditure and Prescriptions Report.\u00a02022.https:\/\/www.pbs.gov.au\/statistics\/expenditure-prescriptions\/2021-2022\/PBS-Expenditure-and-Prescriptions-Report-1-July-2021-to-30-June-2022.PDF"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"EbelingPR.ESA position statement on desiccated thyroid or thyroid extract. 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"NPS MedicineWise. New listings.\u00a02023. Accessed 18 September 2023.\u00a0https:\/\/www.nps.org.au\/radar\/articles\/february-2022-new-listings#r1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00625-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14935"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1225202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000502057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP12280.GL"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14812"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13044-022-00121-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-021-00335-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2021.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.a2021.0048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01027-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-022-03235-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01555-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.795111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/SARH211221110N"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13044-023-00182-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"Endocrine Society of Australia statement on thyroxine preparations available in Australia.\u00a0Accessed 14 September 2023. \u00a0https:\/\/www.endocrinesociety.org.au\/position-statements.asp"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000339444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2021.501"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"1158","article-title":"The impact of hypothyroidism on satisfaction with care and treatment and everyday living: results from E\u2010mode patient Self\u2010assessment of thyroid therapy, a cross\u2010sectional, international online patient survey","volume":"32","author":"Perros P","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2022.0641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000512970"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-019-01079-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/1050725041517138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0311-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Selenium supplementation and placebo are equally effective in improving quality of life in patients with hypothyroidism","volume":"13","author":"Larsen C","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812537"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ETJ-23-0067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2023.1696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.14210"}],"container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cen.15049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T15:36:11Z","timestamp":1712504171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cen.15049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cen.15049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.15049","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0664","1365-2265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0664","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}