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In addition, we searched PubMed for all English articles on pituitary irAEs induced by PD\u20101 inhibitors published from 1950 to 2023. A total of 47 articles were included, and the clinical characteristics of 94 patients with pituitary irAEs induced by PD\u20101 inhibitors in these literatures were compared to the characteristics of our cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 14 patients in our cohort with pituitary irAEs induced by PD\u20101 inhibitors, 12 patients (85.71%, 12\/14) exhibited isolated ACTH deficiency (IAD), 100.0% (14\/14) of the central adrenocortical insufficiency, and 2 patients showed more than one hypothalamic\u2010pituitary axis injury (14.29%, 2\/14). Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in all the 14 patients showed no pituitary enlargement. In previous studies we reviewed, 82.98% of the total (78\/94) presented with pituitary irAEs as IAD, 100.0% (94\/94) of the central adrenocortical insufficiency, and 78.33% of the patients showed no abnormality of the pituitary gland (47\/60). The pituitary irAEs caused by PD\u20101 inhibitors did not involve typical manifestations of hypophysitis, such as pituitary enlargement, headache, visual field defects, and multiple pituitary function impairments in our cohort and the previous literatures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our study, pituitary immune\u2010related adverse reactions induced by PD\u20101 inhibitors mainly manifested isolated ACTH deficiency rather than hypophysitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T17:03:35Z","timestamp":1715879015000},"page":"130-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pituitary\u2010related immune adverse events induced by programmed death Protein\u20101 inhibitors differ clinically from hypophysitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7750-9809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology The 3rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University Baoding Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics The 3rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuanzhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology The 3rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaru","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology The 3rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8191-1188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuchang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology The 3rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2017.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2306"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13354"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-7006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-006-0408-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01141-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ16-0161"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-0007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c150017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03765.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"United States National Cancer Institute. 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