{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:10:04Z","timestamp":1789603804092,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is an efficacious cancer treatment, often resulting in autoimmune off\u2010target effects. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been a recommended investigation for ICI\u2010related hypophysitis. We sought to identify the frequency of identifiable MRI changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective case\u2010control audit was performed of individuals who received one or more ICI between January 2018 and December 2023 at a single tertiary referral centre in Melbourne, Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals requiring hormone supplementation were screened for hypophysitis. A randomly selected control group receiving ICI demonstrated normal pituitary function at the time of MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010four (6.9%) of 778 individuals who received ICI therapy were diagnosed with ICI\u2010related hypophysitis. 43 had an MRI examining the pituitary gland within 2 months. Four (9.3%) had initial reporting consistent with hypophysitis. Upon re\u2010examination by an MRI\u2010Fellowship trained radiologist, a further 6 (total 10, 23%) had acute hypophysitis changes. Among the control group, 45 of 46 individuals had an MRI within 2 months of normal pituitary biochemistry. All initial MRI reports were normal, but upon review 1 (2.2%) had acute hypophysitis abnormalities, with a significant difference between groups (10\/43 vs 1\/45,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). Within the control group, a further 10 (22%) individuals had an atrophic pituitary and\/or empty sella. No other significant pituitary pathology, including pituitary metastasis, was identified.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although changes were observed in a minority of patients with hypophysitis, MRI provides minimal additional clinically meaningful information, so it could be reserved for atypical cases or those with persisting symptoms despite adequate supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T09:22:11Z","timestamp":1742894531000},"page":"699-705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Hypophysitis Secondary to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Use"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7608-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi Yang Damien","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Alfred Health Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeevan","family":"Vettivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Alfred Health Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krisha","family":"Solanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Alfred Health Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Alfred Health Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony W.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Alfred Health Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon A.","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Alfred Health Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Translational Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.894015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2021-002099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-22-0689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31629"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-22-0513"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01141-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-023-01417-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56026-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-019-01120-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-011-0960-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Autoimmune 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