{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T20:15:54Z","timestamp":1787948154023,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and treatment outcomes of insulinoma patients from diverse regions across the country. We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records from 76 adult patients diagnosed with insulinoma between 2018 and 2023 at 15 medical centres. Data collected included demographics, presenting symptoms, laboratory and imaging results, surgical reports, pathology findings, and clinical follow\u2010up information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multi\u2010centre retrospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study revealed that key factors such as age, BMI, symptom duration, tumour size, and follow\u2010up period were similar across genders. The majority of patients experienced neuroglycopenic symptoms, particularly during fasting. Insulinoma was typically diagnosed either during fasting or spontaneously, with no significant gender differences in glucose and insulin levels during hypoglycemia. However, men exhibited higher C\u2010peptide levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Common comorbidities included hypertension, hypothyroidism, and cardiovascular conditions, and some patients had been using antiepileptics or antidepressants before their diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preoperative tumour diagnoses were largely accurate, with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) being the most effective method. Most tumours were small (\u2009&lt;\u20092\u2009cm) and located in the pancreas body, with the majority being solitary. Surgical treatments primarily involved enucleation or distal pancreatectomy. Follow\u2010up data indicated high remission rates, with low rates of nonremission and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study emphasises that early diagnosis and intervention, particularly in patients with a history of neurological or psychiatric issues, postprandial symptoms, or rapid symptom improvement after treatment, can lead to significantly better outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T07:59:53Z","timestamp":1745567993000},"page":"57-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multicenter Study on the Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Treatment Outcomes of Insulinoma: Insights From 15 Medical Centres"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4575-5653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015eenay","family":"Topsakal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Pamukkale University Denizli T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0012-4700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fczin Fidan","family":"Yaylal\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Pamukkale University Denizli T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeliha","family":"Yarar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meram Faculty of Medicine Necmettin Erbakan University Konya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma Avc\u0131","family":"Merdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Ankara University Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seda","family":"Karsl\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital University Health Sciences Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sema","family":"\u00c7ift\u00e7i","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital University Health Sciences Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0411-553X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Sercan","family":"Ert\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital Izmir Katip Celebi University Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6nder","family":"Pamuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital Izmir Katip Celebi University Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fe \u00d6zdemir","family":"Yavuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turgut \u00d6zal Medical Center \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University Malatya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kader","family":"U\u011fur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine F\u0131rat University Elaz\u0131g T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Og\u00fcn","family":"Bilen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Nam\u0131k Kemal University Tekirdag T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayid Shafi","family":"Zuhur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Nam\u0131k Kemal University Tekirdag T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130smail","family":"Engin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2. Abd\u00fclhamid Han Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"G\u00fcven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diyarbak\u0131r Gazi Ya\u015fargil Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Diyarbak\u0131r T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faz\u0131l Mustafa","family":"Cesur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Guven Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Y\u00fcksek Ihtisas University Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevg\u00fcl","family":"Fak\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eefika Bur\u00e7ak","family":"Polat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bekir","family":"\u00c7ak\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatice","family":"\u00d6z\u0131\u015f\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Ege University Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6k\u00e7en \u00dcnal","family":"Kocaba\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Ege University Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Erdo\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Ege University Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eevki","family":"\u00c7etinkalp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Ege University Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130lkcan \u00c7er\u00e7i","family":"Ko\u00e7ar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Mersin University Mersin T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esen","family":"Akbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Mersin University Mersin T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sema","family":"Yarman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-78244-2_70"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"669","article-title":"Insulinoma: A Rare Neuroendocrine Pancreatic Tumor","volume":"104","author":"Stamatakos M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chirurgia (Bucur)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i6.829"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-019-01091-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.8932-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-01994-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193506000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000335591"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2018.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000335600"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"3477","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics and Incidences of Benign and Malignant Insulinoma Using a National Inpatient Database in Japan","volume":"106","author":"Kurakawa K. 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