{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:27:58Z","timestamp":1753878478366,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients require additional treatment when pituitary surgery for Cushing's disease is unsuccessful. Exciting innovations in pituitary surgery bring hope for achieving better outcomes. Quantifying the potential value of these innovations using early health economic modelling can provide guidance throughout their development. The aim of this study was to explore the conditions for success of these innovations using cost\u2010effectiveness analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>The model consists of a decision tree and state\u2010transition model with a 10\u2010year time horizon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>The model simulates the clinical management of patients with Cushing's disease and pituitary surgery as primary treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Model input was derived from literature and expert opinion. Model outcomes were incremental healthcare costs and incremental quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010years (QALY). We performed scenario analyses, including a headroom and threshold analysis, to determine the maximum innovation price for cost\u2010effectiveness. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis and one\u2010way sensitivity analyses were performed to address the impact of uncertainty on outcome parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The headroom analysis showed that per patient 0.028 QALYs could be gained and 2082 euros could be saved over 10 years. With a willingness to pay of 80,000 euros, the maximum price of an innovation is 4288 euros (95% CI: 3377\u20135181) to reach cost\u2010effectiveness. Sensitivity analyses showed that utility values mainly determined cost\u2010effectiveness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our early health economic model exploring the conditions for success of innovations in pituitary surgery shows room for improvement, but also the importance of accurate health\u2010related quality of life data to assess the economic value of innovations in individuals with CD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T05:14:27Z","timestamp":1746508467000},"page":"216-224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Innovative Approaches to Improve the Success of Pituitary Surgery in Cushing's Disease: A Cost\u2010Effectiveness Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5631-9629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Femke J. 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