{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:51:41Z","timestamp":1791413501943,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the prevalence, characteristics, and endocrine implications of thyroid incidentalomas detected during lymphoma staging using FDG\u2010PET\/CT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 795 adult patients with lymphoma who underwent FDG\u2010PET\/CT for staging at a tertiary oncology centre were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroid uptake was classified as focal, diffuse, or absent. Additional data included demographic features, lymphoma subtype, thyroid function, autoantibodies, ultrasound (US), fine\u2010needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and histopathology when available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroid abnormalities were detected in 139 patients (17.5%). Focal FDG uptake was observed in 33 patients (4.2%) and was associated with a malignancy rate of 18.2% (28.6% among those who underwent FNAC). Diffuse uptake was observed in 20 patients (2.5%) and was significantly associated with positive thyroid autoantibodies (58.3%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Older age and female gender were independent predictors of thyroid uptake. ROC analysis identified optimal age thresholds of 68.6 years for females and 59.8 years for males (AUC\u2009=\u20090.72). SUVmax, Hounsfield units, and ACR TI\u2010RADS classification were not significantly associated with malignancy. All malignant cases occurred in nodules classified as TI\u2010RADS 4 or 5. Volume on CT was inversely associated with malignancy (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u20130.50, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046). No significant impact on overall survival was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroid incidentalomas are frequent during lymphoma staging by FDG\u2010PET\/CT and should be appropriately evaluated. Focal uptake carries a relevant malignancy risk, even in nodules with low SUVmax. Diffuse uptake often reflects autoimmune thyroiditis. A multimodal diagnostic approach is essential to guide management and avoid unnecessary delays in cancer care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:36:22Z","timestamp":1750898182000},"page":"605-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Endocrine Implications of Thyroid Incidentalomas Detected During Lymphoma Staging With 18F\u2010Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9146-4606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Tadashi Kakitani","family":"Toyoshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Oncology Service, Instituto do C\u00e2ncer do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo Oct\u00e1vio Frias de Oliveira Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta Morgado Ferreira","family":"Zuppani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Oncology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle Pinheiro","family":"Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Regina Pereira Batista","family":"de Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Miguel Costa","family":"de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Oncology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Dolphini","family":"Velasques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Loch","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Oncology Service, Instituto do C\u00e2ncer do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo Oct\u00e1vio Frias de Oliveira Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora L\u00facia Seguro","family":"Danilovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM 25) Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Delmar Muniz","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Oncology Service, Instituto do C\u00e2ncer do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo Oct\u00e1vio Frias de Oliveira Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana O.","family":"Hoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Oncology Service, Instituto do C\u00e2ncer do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo Oct\u00e1vio Frias de Oliveira Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-018-9533-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12813"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-017-3690-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.8800"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2014.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1559"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-006-9181-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.955"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14905"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/aimcc.2024.1289"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endien.2023.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-016-1087-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02683-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4183\/aeb.2022.253"}],"container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cen.15295","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T10:02:47Z","timestamp":1757152967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cen.15295"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cen.15295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.15295","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0664","1365-2265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0664","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}