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The current review consisted of 86 cases reported in studies published in and after 2017: 40 males and 46 females, with an average age of 48.2 years. The male\u2010to\u2010female ratio was 0.87. The rate of typical clinical findings was as follows: NME, 93.2% (69\/74); DM, 70.3% (50\/74); weight loss, 62.2% (46\/74); anaemia, 44.6% (33\/74); glossitis or stomatitis or cheilitis, 31.1% (23\/74). A total of 85 cases reported the location of the tumour as the pancreas and 38.8% of these cases involved the tail of the pancreas. The average tumour size was 4.6\u2009cm in patients between 2017 and 2024. Metastasis was detected in 52.3% of patients (45\/86). The comparison with previous series highlighted an earlier age of diagnosis of glucagonoma and a higher rate of NME, consistent with a higher diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glucagonoma is a rare pathology, with peculiar characteristics that need to be acknowledged to achieve a timely diagnosis and finally improve patient prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T06:45:47Z","timestamp":1751611547000},"page":"417-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Glucagonoma and Glucagonoma Syndrome: An Updated Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Anelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine ENETS Excellence Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6707-3413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Mazzilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine ENETS Excellence Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Zamponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine ENETS Excellence Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Giorgini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine ENETS Excellence Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Golisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine ENETS Excellence Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine ENETS Excellence Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flaminia","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine ENETS Excellence Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Panzuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Disease, ENETS Excellence Center Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antongiulio","family":"Faggiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine ENETS Excellence Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1484089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Foss M. 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