{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:05:24Z","timestamp":1790643924662,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite an increased cerebrovascular disease risk, the impact of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) on cerebrovascular haemodynamics and function is unknown. This study characterised cerebrovascular haemodynamics and function in women with PCOS versus healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case\u2010control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifteen women with PCOS (age: 31\u2009\u00b1\u20096 years; body mass index (BMI): 31.8\u2009\u00b1\u20095.7\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and 16 controls (age: 30\u2009\u00b1\u20097 years; BMI: 29.9\u2009\u00b1\u20095.5\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Resting global cerebral blood (CBF) was assessed by 3T MRI. Middle\u2010 and posterior cerebral artery blood velocities (MCAv, PCAv) were measured by Doppler ultrasound and pulsatility index (MCA\n                      <jats:sub>PI<\/jats:sub>\n                      , PCA\n                      <jats:sub>PI<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) calculated. Neurovascular coupling (NVC), internal carotid artery cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR\n                      <jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) directional sensitivity were assessed using a visual stimulus, 6% fixed\u2010inspired CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and repeated squat\u2010stand manoeuvres, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Resting CBF (PCOS: 57.2\u2009\u00b1\u20097.5\u2009ml\/100\u2009g\/min; controls: 61.6\u2009\u00b1\u200911.6\u2009ml\/100\u2009g\/min,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.25) and MCAv, PCAv, MCA\n                      <jats:sub>PI<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PCA\n                      <jats:sub>PI<\/jats:sub>\n                      (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05) were similar between groups. NVC (14\u2009\u00b1\u20094.9% vs. 13\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.45), CVR\n                      <jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9% vs. 6.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.20) and dCA directional sensitivity were similar between groups. However, women with PCOS had elevated relative PCA\n                      <jats:sub>PI<\/jats:sub>\n                      during NVC (PCOS: 12.0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6% vs. controls: 7.0\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04), and impaired vasodilation of the internal carotid artery during CVR\n                      <jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (PCOS: \u22120.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22\u2009mm vs. controls: 0.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24\u2009mm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebrovascular function is largely preserved in women with PCOS, although elevated arterial pulsatility and impaired vasodilatory response to carbon dioxide may indicate early endothelial dysfunction in the cerebral vasculature. Larger studies are needed to confirm this in view of our limited study power.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T05:54:42Z","timestamp":1764136482000},"page":"245-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Resting Cerebrovascular Haemodynamics and Dynamic Assessment of Cerebrovascular Function in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3605-7044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cory T.","family":"Richards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"},{"name":"School of Education, Health and Science University of Gloucestershire Gloucester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3104-4332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0187-0123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe H.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2744-4504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa E.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saajan","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0234-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack S.","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiometabolic Health and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Broad\u2010Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff and Vale University Health Board Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Garc\u00eda","family":"Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff and Vale University Health Board Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica J.","family":"Steventon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6254-5044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice","family":"Brassard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Laval Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Research center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec\u2010Universit\u00e9 Laval Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip E.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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