{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:49:52Z","timestamp":1790034592230,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), presenting as either hypo\u2010 or hyperthyroidism, can occur at any age. Autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase or thyroglobulin precede the onset of clinical AITD. We aimed to assess factors associated with AITD in children and determine if risk factors for AITD differ among the subset who have developed thyroid autoantibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TEDDY Study is a cohort of 8676 children with increased genetic susceptibility for type 1 diabetes, followed to age 15 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism clinical diagnoses as well as medications used for treating AITD were reported to study staff at every visit, 2 to 4 times per year. Children were screened for thyroid autoantibodies at ages 9 and 14, and if positive, previously collected samples were retrospectively analyzed to determine the age when autoantibodies first appeared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 5203 children screened for thyroid autoantibodies, 99 were diagnosed with AITD. Female sex, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplogenotype, and family history of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, type 1 diabetes, and celiac disease were associated with risk of AITD. Among the 575 children positive for thyroid autoantibodies, HLA remained associated with AITD, while the estimates for family history were attenuated, and no association was present for sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female sex, family history of autoimmune disease, and HLA haplogenotype are risk factors for AITD in genetically high\u2010risk children, but these trends differ for progression from thyroid autoimmunity to AITD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.70070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T11:25:43Z","timestamp":1765797943000},"page":"394-404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in a Cohort of Children With Increased Genetic Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4231-5740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna L.","family":"Clasen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berglind","family":"Jonsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The Children's Hospital Iceland Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6 Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2228-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorma","family":"Toppari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Turku University Hospital Turku Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrated Physiology and Pharmacology University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine Florida State University College of Medicine Tallahassee FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carin","family":"Andren Aronsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6 Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6 Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra","family":"Vehik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3306-1742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Elding Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6 Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6\/Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"TEDDY Study 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