{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T11:02:31Z","timestamp":1775473351956,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thyroid dysfunction is common in Down Syndrome (DS). The age of onset and etiology is largely unexplored. Murine models suggest role of DYRK1A gene in thyroid dysgenesis in DS. DYRK1A overexpression is associated with immune dysfunction and autoimmune diseases in DS. In this study, we aimed to determine the expression of the DYRK1A gene in relation to age of onset and autoimmune status in individuals with DS who have hypothyroidism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care setting and included five groups: individuals with DS and hypothyroidism, DS with euthyroidism, congenital hypothyroidism without DS, autoimmune hypothyroidism without DS, and age\u2010matched healthy controls without thyroid dysfunction. History, clinical details such as age of onset, thyroid function tests including antibodies, and DYRK1A expression were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 72 DS included, 24 were euthyroid. 48 (66.7%) had primary hypothyroidism and 28 (58.3%) of those were anti\u2010TPO negative. Hypothyroidism was detected in 20 patients with DS below 1 year of age who were all anti\u2010TPO\u2010negative. The remaining 28 with DS with hypothyroidism developed disease after 3 years of age of whom 20 (71.4%) were anti\u2010TPO positive. DS with hypothyroidism had higher expression (6.33\u2010fold) of DYRK1A compared to euthyroid DS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). DYRK1A expression was 5.17\u2010fold and 7.27\u2010fold higher in anti\u2010TPO\u2010positive and anti\u2010TPO\u2010negative respectively compared to healthy population (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Individuals with DS without hypothyroidism, congenital hypothyroidism (without DS), autoimmune hypothyroidism (without DS) had DYRK1A expression of 1.36, 0.68, and 0.82\u2010fold compared to healthy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DYRK1A expression is overexpressed in individuals with Down syndrome with hypothyroidism, encompassing both early\u2010onset non\u2010autoimmune and later\u2010onset autoimmune forms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.70099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T03:36:16Z","timestamp":1769744176000},"page":"528-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["DYRK1A Expression and Thyroid Dysfunction in Subjects With Down Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Akshay","family":"Khatri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism IPGME &amp; R Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susmita","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism IPGME &amp; R Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astha","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism IPGME &amp; R Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism IPGME &amp; R Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1703-8446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sujay","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Calcutta Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nitai P.","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism IPGME &amp; R Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4580-9589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pradip","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism IPGME &amp; R Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5397-961X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sujoy","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism IPGME &amp; R Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1589"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-015-0138-y"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.337","article-title":"Thyroid Abnormalities in Children With Down Syndrome at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Mulu B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0751","article-title":"Peculiarities of Graves' Disease in Children and Adolescents With Down's Syndrome","volume":"162","author":"De Luca F.","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000457952"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.782865","article-title":"Subclinical Hypothyroidism as the Most Common Thyroid Dysfunction Status in Children With Down's Syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Szeliga K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2142236.118"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"Thyroid Disorders in Subjects With Down Syndrome: An Update","volume":"89","author":"Amr N. 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