{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:18:46Z","timestamp":1790097526803,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is characterized by a long\u2010term decrease in sexual desire (low\u2010libido) causing personal distress. HSDD predominantly affects post\u2010menopausal women or following oophorectomy. Despite the clear indication that testosterone action could overcome the symptoms of HSDD by elevating testosterone levels, there is little research concerning this. For decades many post\u2010menopausal women have been prescribed off\u2010label testosterone, an approved therapy for men, at a modified dose. The purpose of this study was to conduct an exploratory pharmacokinetic analysis in post\u2010menopausal women with low sexual desire consistent with HSDD already established on treatment with Testosterone gel (Testogel 16.2\u2009mg\/g Gel in Pump, Besins Healthcare (UK) Ltd.).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010four women applying Testogel 16.2\u2009mg\/g via pump once every 3 or 4 days and had been prescribed Testogel 16.2\u2009mg\/g for at least 6 months were included. All were additionally taking oestrogen\u2010based hormone replacement therapy (HRT). They attended for a testosterone day curve with Testogel 16.2\u2009mg\/g at the dose of 20.25\u2009mg applied after an initial blood test. Samples were taken 2\u2010hourly for 10\u2009h and at 24\u2009h post\u2010Testogel 16.2\u2009mg\/g application. Testosterone was measured by mass spectrometry. The Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI) was completed by the women. Pharmacokinetic parameters of maximum concentration (Cmax), average concentration (Cavg), time to Cmax (Tmax), Area under curve (AUC) and half\u2010life (t\n                      <jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) were determined with and without adjustment for baseline testosterone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean age of the women was 53.7\u2009\u00b1\u20096.8 years, and the mean BMI was 27.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Mean blood pressure was 126\/75\u2009mmHg. The unadjusted median Cmax testosterone concentration was 6.25\u2009nmol\/L (range 1.3\u221226.1), and Cavg was 4.51 nmol\/L (range 0.93\u221220.21). AUC testosterone varied substantially from 35.9 to 458\u2009nmol.h\/L (median 121.8). The baseline\u2010adjusted median Cmax was 3.55\u2009nmol\/L and the Cavg was 1.64\u2009nmol\/L. There was considerable variability between individuals in both measured Cmax in testosterone through the day (1.3\u221226.1 nmol\/L) The AUC testosterone ranged from 39.45 to 181.8 nmol.h\/L. FSFI median score was 26.5\/36 (25%\u221275% interquartile range 18\u221230) with the highest domain scores for sexual satisfaction and arousal (4.2\/6) and slightly lower scores for orgasm and desire (4.0\/6), and no reported issues regarding pain on intercourse. All women subjectively reported an improvement in sexual function with Testogel 16.2\u2009mg\/g. No symptoms of hyperandrogenism were reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found considerable variation in all parameters relating to testosterone pharmacokinetics in women applying 20.25\u2009mg testosterone gel in a 3 or 4\u2010day regime. All women described clinical benefit prior to the study, with no reports of androgen\u2010related side\u2010effects. Progression to a daily licensed topical formulation of testosterone, where this is not available, would be a positive step for women's health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.70119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T03:54:33Z","timestamp":1773633273000},"page":"77-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Single Centre Study to Describe the Changes in Serum Testosterone Concentration Following Application of Testosterone Gel in Post\u2010Menopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSSD) Already Receiving This as Part of Usual Care in Conjunction With Oestrogen\u2010Containing Hormone Replacement Treatment (HRT)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Adrian","family":"Heald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Salford Royal Hospital Salford UK"},{"name":"Univesity of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasitha","family":"Illangasekera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK"},{"name":"University of Peradeniya  Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salford Royal Hospital Salford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Livingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Black Country Pathology Services, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust Wolverhampton UK"},{"name":"University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Keen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salford Royal Hospital Salford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupinder","family":"Kochhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salford Royal Hospital Salford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6662-1334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Panay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Charlotte's &amp; Chelsea and Westminster Hospitals London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Borzomato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salford Royal Hospital Salford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Mordaunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univesity of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cardiff Cardiff Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoff","family":"Hackett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aston University Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Testosterone Deficiency in Women: Etiologies, Diagnosis, and Emerging Treatments","volume":"47","author":"Mazer N. 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