{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:57:22Z","timestamp":1785776242200,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) independently influence foetal growth, but their combined impact remains poorly characterised. This study examined the individual and joint associations of PMOS and GDM with neonatal anthropometry in a large, multi\u2010ethnic population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We performed a secondary analysis of 9454 singleton pregnancies from the Born in Bradford (BiB) cohort (UK, 2007\u20132011). Women were classified into four groups: (1) normoglycemic non\u2010PMOS controls, (2) PMOS only, (3) GDM only and (4) PMOS\u2009+\u2009GDM. GDM was defined using NICE criteria. The primary outcome was birth weight; secondary outcomes included head circumference, mid\u2010arm circumference and subscapular skinfold thickness. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess associations, adjusting for maternal age, pre\u2010pregnancy BMI and ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Women with PMOS were younger (25.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6 vs. 27.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6 years,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and had higher BMI (27.9 vs. 25.9\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001) than controls. Offspring of women with PMOS or GDM had lower mean birth weights than controls (3171 and 3162\u2009g vs. 3242\u2009g,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0005), with the greatest reduction among PMOS\u2009+\u2009GDM pregnancies (3118\u2009g). In adjusted models, maternal BMI was strongly associated with birth weight (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200919.3\u2009g\/kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20091\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n \u221262<\/jats:sup>\n ), whereas PMOS (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u2212123.9\u2009g,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.007), GDM (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u2212136.5\u2009g,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n \u22129<\/jats:sup>\n ) and PMOS\u2009+\u2009GDM (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u2212241.8\u2009g,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.046) were associated with lower birth weights. Infants of mothers with combined PMOS\u2009+\u2009GDM also had the lowest mid\u2010arm circumference and subscapular skinfold thickness.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Both PMOS and GDM are independently and additively associated with lower foetal birth weight, with coexisting PMOS\u2009+\u2009GDM conferring the greatest reduction in neonatal size and adiposity. These findings highlight the compounded intrauterine metabolic stress in pregnancies in women with coexisting PMOS and GDM and underscore the importance of targeted antenatal care to mitigate intergenerational metabolic risk.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.70168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T03:29:54Z","timestamp":1781148594000},"page":"307-313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual Metabolic Burden of Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) and Gestational Diabetes in Pregnancy: Impact on Neonatal Anthropometry: Insights From the Born in Bradford Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Harshal A.","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Gold Coast University Hospital Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Rauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Gold Coast University Hospital Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunice","family":"Waife","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Hull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aatif","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Gold Coast University Hospital Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Ssemmondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Hull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8946-4255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najeeb","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Hull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thozhukat","family":"Sathyapalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Hull UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Hull Hull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"d6309","article-title":"Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Population Based Cohort Study","volume":"343","author":"Roos N.","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ 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