{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:58:43Z","timestamp":1787169523905,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Neuroim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Aquaporin\u20104 (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    4) is a water channel protein that is most highly, but not exclusively, expressed in the central nervous system. In 2005\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    4 was shown to be the antigenic target of neuromyelitis optica\u2010immunoglobulin\u00a0G (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010IgG, or\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    4\u2010IgG), an antibody found specifically in patients with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and in formes frustes of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , such as longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) or optic neuritis (ON). This discovery facilitated the clinical, pathological, and radiological distinction of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and the spectrum of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010related disorders from classical multiple sclerosis. In addition to its use as a diagnostic tool,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    4\u2010IgG predicts a high risk of relapse in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome of either LETM or ON. As disability in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is attack\u2010related, early diagnosis and treatment are predicted to have a major effect on long\u2010term disability. Thus, the importance of sensitive and specific assays to detect\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    4\u2010IgG cannot be overstated. Both academic institutions and commercial companies have developed assays to identify\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    4\u2010IgG in patients' sera or cerebrospinal fluid. Both\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    4 isoforms from different species have been used as the antigenic target in the form of frozen tissue sections in indirect immunofluorescence assays, partially purified protein for fluorescence immunoprecipitation assay, radioimmunoprecipitation assay or enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay, or transfected into cells for cell based assays or flow cytometry. We carried out a systematic review of the literature reporting different methodologies used to identify\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    4\u2010IgG, examine whether longitudinal\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    4\u2010IgG titers predict relapses in seropositive patients, and attempt to establish a reasonable timeframe for retesting negative serum samples.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen3.12107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T23:16:42Z","timestamp":1398208602000},"page":"290-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Evaluation of aquaporin\u20104 antibody assays"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Waters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Group Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean J.","family":"Pittock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology University of Colorado Denver Aurora CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Jarius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Neuroimmunology Department of Neurology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Weinshenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean M.","family":"Wingerchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Scottsdale AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6355-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","unstructured":"GaultF.De la neuromy\u00e9lite optique aigu\u00eb. 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