{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T10:36:22Z","timestamp":1773052582599,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]],"date-time":"2016-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008373","name":"Takeda Pharmaceutical Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008373","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008792","name":"Novartis Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005614","name":"Biogen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005614","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004948","name":"Astellas Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004948","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Exp Neuroim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assist policymakers as they reflect on treatment protocols and approaches for the efficient delivery of medical care for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed data from a large Japanese health insurance claims database. Using an algorithm based on diagnosis codes, all patients with a diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> were identified; patients having a non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> demyelinating disease were excluded from the population. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> patient data were used for cross\u2010sectional analysis carried out on the data collected at a certain period. We identified a total of 1808 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> patients, and we analyzed data for 1133 patients with an observation period of \u22656 months from October 2013 to September 2014. Newly diagnosed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> patients were identified within the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> patients, and their data were used for longitudinal analysis, tracking each patient over a period of time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The total per patient per month cost for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> was \u00a593 542 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>$781, \u20ac695 as of October 2015). Disease\u2010modifying therapy drugs costs constituted half of the overall medical costs. For newly diagnosed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> patients, hospitalization costs were the largest component in the initial month, while drug costs were the largest component more than several months after the initial visit. There was a positive correlation between relapse frequency and medical cost.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results provide up\u2010to\u2010date information on the demographics, medical treatment and cost status of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> in almost real\u2010time by using a claims database. They suggest that claims data analysis can effectively support medical policymaking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen3.12299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]],"date-time":"2016-03-23T07:12:41Z","timestamp":1458717161000},"page":"158-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Current treatment status and medical cost for multiple sclerosis based on analysis of a Japanese claims database"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mieko","family":"Ogino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Care and Whole Person Care Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Kawachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Brain Research Institute Niigata University Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Otake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Medical Affairs \u2010 Japan Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Medical Affairs \u2010 Japan Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujiro","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Milliman Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Milliman Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinzo","family":"Hiroi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Medical Affairs \u2010 Japan Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacoepidemiology Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11532230-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12647"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52001-2.00016-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Japan Intractable Diseases Information Center.Number of patients who were certified to receive subsidies for the medical treatment of multiple sclerosis (In Japanese). [Cited 8 Jul 2015.] Available from URL:http:\/\/www.nanbyou.or.jp\/entry\/1356"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare (Japan).Statistical classification of diseases and cause of death (In Japanese). [Cited 5 Oct 2015.] Available from URL:http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/toukei\/sippei\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare (Japan).Various information of medical fee (In Japanese). [Cited 25 Nov 2015.] Available from URL:http:\/\/www.iryohoken.go.jp\/shinryohoshu\/searchMenu\/doSearchInputBp"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"OginoM.Study on medical cost structure of intractable diseases (In Japanese). Report of the Grant\u2010in\u2010Aid for Health and Labor Sciences Research for Intractable Diseases Treatment Research Program Fiscal Year 2008\u20132010 summary and shared research report."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare (Japan).Medical cost of the general population in Japan in 2012 (In Japanese). [Cited 5 Oct 2015.] Available from URL:http:\/\/www.e-stat.go.jp\/SG1\/estat\/List.do?lid=000001127463"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare (Japan).Estimated medical cost database (In Japanese). [Cited 28 Jan 2016.] Available from URL:http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/bunya\/iryouhoken\/iryouhoken03\/01.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-33045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508098372"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare (Japan).The report of discharged patient in 2012 (In Japanese). 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