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In ophthalmology, as in most fields of medicine, the observations and hypotheses tend to have more degrees of freedom, and the interpretation of experiments is also more complicated and often indeterminate. But sometimes it works out, going back and forth from bench to bedside to bench, in reiterative cycles. A successful example of alternating bench and bedside studies was presented (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AAS<\/jats:styled-content>) at the 2012 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>lper <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>emorial given at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>ashington <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ospital <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>edical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>enter, illustrating a series of questions and investigations that pertain to mitochondrial optic neuropathies, beginning two decades ago, before the concept of mitochondrial optic neuropathies had much meaning. Basic science questions are often best answered by that extraordinary experiment of nature that we call clinical disease, and clinical questions are often best tested in the laboratory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,22]],"date-time":"2013-02-22T04:14:31Z","timestamp":1361506471000},"page":"702-712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Mitochondrial optic neuropathies: our travels from bench to bedside and back again"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Alfredo A","family":"Sadun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doheny Eye Institute Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"La Morgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche Unit of 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