{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T06:23:24Z","timestamp":1784615004556,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,4]],"date-time":"2013-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The creation of an alternative pathway from the lacrimal sac into the nose has been practised for over two millennia. Early historical figures who pioneered lacrimal surgery were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>elsus and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>alen, treating dacryocystitis by plunging a red\u2010hot cautery iron through the lacrimal bone into the nose. Better understanding of lacrimal physiology and anatomy led to the introduction of more sophisticated techniques in the 18th century. However, despite these approaches, the technique of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>elsus continued to be practised well into the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Modern lacrimal surgery began when the Italian otolaryngologist, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>oti, described his external dacryocystorhinostomy procedure in 1904. Dupuy\u2010Dutemps and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>ourget refined <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>oti's procedure, and introduced the technique of anastomosing lacrimal and nasal mucosal flaps which remains the foundation of the external dacryocystorhinostomy performed today. The endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy was described before the external approach, but its popularity and success grew only in recent times.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T09:26:38Z","timestamp":1373621198000},"page":"284-287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Origins of lacrimal surgery, and evolution of dacryocystorhinostomy to the present"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Varun","family":"Harish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Royal Prince Alfred Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Drummoyne Day Surgery Centre  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross S","family":"Benger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drummoyne Day Surgery Centre  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"The history of lacrimal surgery","volume":"5","author":"Hughes SM","year":"1986","journal-title":"Adv Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"The Code of Hammurabi","author":"Harper RF","year":"1904"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"De Medicina\/with an English Translation by W. 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