{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T20:13:04Z","timestamp":1761595984143},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]],"date-time":"2013-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To elucidate the biological effects of blocking fluorescent light on the retina using specific blocking materials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven\u2010 to 8\u2010week\u2010old <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALB<\/jats:styled-content>\/c mice were divided into three groups and placed in one of the three boxes: one blocked ultraviolet and violet wavelengths of light (violet blockade), one blocked ultraviolet, violet, blue and some other visible wavelengths (blue\u2010plus blockade), and one allowed most visible light to pass through (control). They were then exposed to a white fluorescent lamp for 1\u2009h at 5.65<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>\u201005\u2009m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s. After treatment, the electroretinogram, retinal outer nuclear layer thickness and retinal outer segment length were measured. In addition, retinal apoptotic cells were quantified by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TdT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010mediated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dUTP<\/jats:styled-content> nick\u2010end labelling assay and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">c\u2010Fos<\/jats:styled-content> messenger <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>, and protein levels were measured by real\u2010time reverse\u2010transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The blue\u2010plus blockade group retained a significantly better electroretinogram response following light exposure than the control or violet blockade groups. The blue\u2010plus blockade group also exhibited greater outer nuclear layer thickness and greater outer\u2010segment length, and fewer apoptotic cells after light exposure than the other groups. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">c\u2010Fos<\/jats:styled-content> messenger <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein levels were substantially reduced in the blue\u2010plus blockade group and reduced to a lesser extent in the violet blockade group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The blockade of blue plus additional visible wavelengths of light was most effective in protecting the retina from light\u2010induced damage. The blockade of violet light alone was also effective in reducing intracellular molecular responses, but these effects were not sufficient for attenuating retinal degeneration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T13:26:55Z","timestamp":1383053215000},"page":"555-563","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Biological effects of blocking blue and other visible light on the mouse retina"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Toshio","family":"Narimatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo 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