{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T21:27:03Z","timestamp":1771018023097,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]],"date-time":"2013-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is increasing emphasis on the importance of intraocular pressure peaks and fluctuations as risk factors for glaucoma progression. It is well recognized that the water drinking test raises intraocular pressure and there is reasonable evidence that caffeine can also raise intraocular pressure. The aim of this study is to directly compare the effect of a caffeine test to that of the water drinking test on intraocular pressure, in patients with glaucoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, observer\u2010masked, cross\u2010over study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen eyes of 14 patients with primary open\u2010angle glaucoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were initially randomized to either caffeine test or water drinking test. Intraocular pressure was measured in both eyes with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>oldmann applanation tonometer at baseline and every 15\u2009min for 1\u2009h, by a masked examiner. This was repeated the following week at the same time of day for the other test (the cross\u2010over). Peak intraocular pressure and maximum fluctuation from baseline were compared between groups using paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peak and fluctuation of intraocular pressure, time of maximum frequency of peak intraocular pressure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The maximum intraocular pressure from the water drinking test (19.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1) was greater than the caffeine test (16.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1) and showed greater fluctuation in intraocular pressure (4.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mmHg<\/jats:styled-content> [27.7%]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) compared with the caffeine test (1.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mmHg<\/jats:styled-content> [11.7%]); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rise in intraocular pressure was greater with water drinking test than the caffeine test. Caffeine does not appear to provide an alternative for patients unable to tolerate the water drinking test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T13:27:02Z","timestamp":1383053222000},"page":"427-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Rise of intraocular pressure in a caffeine test <i>versus<\/i> the water drinking test in patients with glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Tuan","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Glaucoma Unit Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuwan","family":"Niyadurupola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Glaucoma Unit Royal Victorian Eye and Ear 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