{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:42:34Z","timestamp":1774316554203,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]],"date-time":"2016-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the aetiology of paediatric optic atrophy in an Australian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective review of medical records was conducted at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred twenty\u2010seven subjects &lt;16\u2009years who were diagnosed with optic atrophy on fundoscopic examination between 1979 and 2015 were included in the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects were obtained from the hospital database, which codes diagnoses for all admissions, as well as the orthoptic department database, which codes diagnoses for ophthalmology department outpatients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The predominant cause for optic atrophy was assigned to each patient. Clinical presentation was defined as the principal reason for evaluation. Demographic data included gender, affected eye and age at diagnosis. Data on medical comorbidities (cerebral palsy, developmental delay, microcephaly and seizures) and ocular comorbidities (strabismus and nystagmus) were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age at initial eye review was 4.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4\u2009years. There was bilateral optic atrophy in 81.5% of cases. Unilateral optic atrophy was largely due to tumours. When analysing over the three time periods, (1979\u20131990, 1991\u20132003 and 2004\u20132015), perinatal events (3.0%, 22.7% and 22.6%) and neurodegenerative disease (3.0%, 14.9% and 15.1%) are slowly replacing tumours (39.4%, 24.8% and 15.1%) as the top causes for paediatric optic atrophy. The incidence of other causes has remained fairly stable over time, albeit an increase in idiopathic causes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There has been shift in the etiological profile of optic atrophy. Whilst tumours are still an important cause of paediatric optic atrophy for an Australian population, perinatal events and neurodegenerative disease are becoming more significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T17:21:10Z","timestamp":1456852870000},"page":"574-581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Changing patterns in paediatric optic atrophy aetiology: 1979 to 2015"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The Children's Hospital at Westmead  Westmead Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen Hyun\u2010Jin","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Ophthalmology, Save Sight Institute University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trent","family":"Sandercoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Ophthalmology, Save Sight Institute University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robyn V","family":"Jamieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Genetics Research Group Children's Medical Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead  Westmead Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Ophthalmology, Save Sight Institute University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R","family":"Grigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The Children's Hospital at Westmead  Westmead Australia"},{"name":"Eye Genetics Research Group Children's Medical Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead  Westmead Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Ophthalmology, Save Sight Institute University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.145996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2000.00254.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(88)90833-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1992.tb04876.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0078"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700364"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.3.505"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19970901-09","article-title":"Cortical visual impairment following perinatal hypoxia: clinicoradiologic correlation using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"34","author":"Casteels I","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12155"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-305267"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273972.2012.680232"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2007.01.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2012.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00867.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2006.tb01232.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"767","article-title":"Prevalence of optic atrophy and associated ocular and systemic diseases in a department of paediatric ophthalmology","volume":"220","author":"Denne C","year":"2003","journal-title":"Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Increased Visual Behavior in Low Vision Children","author":"Barraga NC","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Teaching children with low vision","volume":"58","author":"Barraga NC","year":"1964","journal-title":"New Outlook Blind"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X0209600503","article-title":"Literacy for students with low vision: a framework for delivering instruction","volume":"96","author":"Corn AL","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Vis Impair Blind"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19980501-09","article-title":"Characteristics of a pediatric low\u2010vision population","volume":"35","author":"Carvalho KM","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322006000300009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322009000800003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03228.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010987.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X0409801004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","unstructured":"Vision Australia.Blindness and low vision services.2012. Accessed 2015 Dec 1. Available from:https:\/\/www.visionaustralia.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Optic atrophy in childhood","volume":"5","author":"Costenbader FD","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fceo.12734","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ceo.12734","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T17:07:02Z","timestamp":1696352822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ceo.12734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ceo.12734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ceo.12734","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1442-6404","1442-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1442-6404","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-01-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-02-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-04-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}