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Both anterograde and retrograde degeneration may occur along the visual pathway. This review covers the features of MS in the anterior and posterior visual system and describes advances that have been made with newer techniques such as retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion tensor imaging and probabilistic tractography (DTI) and multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPs). We report on the inter\u2010relationship between these measures of structure and function, and how they may be used as biomarkers for the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]],"date-time":"2016-03-24T22:01:25Z","timestamp":1458856885000},"page":"62-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Afferent visual pathways in multiple sclerosis: a review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Stuart L","family":"Graham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Human Science Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Save Sight Institute Sydney University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Klistorner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Human Science Macquarie 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