{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:40:39Z","timestamp":1790671239210,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the ocular microbiome in meibomian gland dysfunction in Auckland, New Zealand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, cross\u2010sectional, observational, university\u2010based study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants resident in New Zealand for \u22652 years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 157) were classified as normal (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 66), mild (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 41) or moderate\u2010to\u2010severe meibomian gland dysfunction (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 50). Contact lens wear and anterior blepharitis status were recorded, as well as symptoms and clinical features.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bacteria collected from lid margin swabs, before and after gland expression, were isolated and identified by conventional microbiological culture techniques. Aerobic isolates were identified in all 157 participants, and both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated in a subset of 87 subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bacterial incidence according to meibomian gland dysfunction status<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Symptoms, bulbar hyperaemia, conjunctival staining, lipid layer grade and tear film stability, but not corneal staining, showed moderate association with meibomian gland dysfunction severity. Participants with and without meibomian gland dysfunction showed a similar microbiome, unaffected by gland expression. Anterior blepharitis, a common co\u2010morbidity, was not an independent predictor of the microbiome. Sterile cultures were more common in contact lens wearers than non\u2010wearers. The incidence of\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was higher than anticipated across all severity groups, and that of coagulase\u2010negative\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and streptococci was lower.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Modest differences in relative proportions of bacteria compared with other studies support climatic variations in the ocular surface microbiome. Similarity in microbiome profile, irrespective of meibomian gland dysfunction severity, anterior blepharitis presence or contact lens wear, suggests potential for commonality in treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T06:26:30Z","timestamp":1473229590000},"page":"105-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Ocular surface microbiome in meibomian gland dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Grant A","family":"Watters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, New Zealand National Eye Centre The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip R","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, New Zealand National Eye Centre The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Swift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Petty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, New Zealand National Eye Centre The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer P","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Report of the National Eye Institute\/Industry Workshop on clinical trials in dry eyes","volume":"21","author":"Lemp MA","year":"1995","journal-title":"CLAO J: Official Pub Contact Lens Assoc Ophthalmol, Inc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"200","article-title":"Chronic blepharitis: a review","volume":"21","author":"Smith RE","year":"1995","journal-title":"CLAO J: Official Pub Contact Lens Assoc Ophthalmol, Inc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2010.488562"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9922"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3283303e1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interventions for chronic blepharitis","volume":"5","author":"Lindsley K","year":"2012","journal-title":"CDSR"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6939"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181e16f7c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-009-1039-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"296","article-title":"Patient history in screening for dry eye conditions","volume":"58","author":"McMonnies CW","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Optom Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200310000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100100054027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjo.2015.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000225716.85382.7b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-198702710-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.68.8.524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199110010-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-008-9196-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.31254\/jsir.2014.3209","article-title":"A study of normal bacterial flora of the conjunctiva in patients undergoing cataract surgery in a rural teaching hospital in R. R. district","volume":"3","author":"Karthika N","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sci Innovat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701352"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","first-page":"486","article-title":"Bacterial lipases and chronic blepharitis","volume":"27","author":"Dougherty JM","year":"1986","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2010.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(96)80064-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.30.5.1156-1161.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Ocular bacterial flora in contact lens wearers","volume":"23","author":"Cabrera JV","year":"1996","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye: J Brit Contact Lens Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4501","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.11.4501-4505.1995","article-title":"Changes to the ocular biota with time in extended\u2010 and daily\u2010wear disposable contact lens use","volume":"63","author":"Stapleton F","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318199d20c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00799-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012277"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.9.1103"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fceo.12810","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fceo.12810","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ceo.12810","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T03:52:10Z","timestamp":1696218730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ceo.12810"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ceo.12810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ceo.12810","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1442-6404","1442-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1442-6404","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-03-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-09-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}