{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T03:47:15Z","timestamp":1773460035164,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]],"date-time":"2017-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visual impairment significantly impairs the length and quality of life, but little is known of its impact in Indigenous Australians.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the association of disease\u2010specific causes of visual impairment with all\u2010cause mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1347 Indigenous Australians aged over 40\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants visiting remote medical clinics underwent clinical examinations including visual acuity, subjective refraction and slit\u2010lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments. The major ocular cause of visual impairment was determined. Patients were assessed periodically in these remote clinics for the succeeding 10\u00a0years after recruitment. Mortality rates were obtained from relevant departments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>All\u2010cause 10\u2010year mortality and its association with disease\u2010specific causes of visual impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The all\u2010cause mortality rate for the entire cohort was 29.3% at the 10\u2010year completion of follow\u2010up. Of those with visual impairment, the overall mortality rate was 44.9%. The mortality rates differed for those with visual impairment due to cataract (59.8%), diabetic retinopathy (48.4%), trachoma (46.6%), \u2018other\u2019 (36.2%) and refractive error (33.4%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Only those with visual impairment from diabetic retinopathy were any more likely to die during the 10\u00a0years of follow\u2010up when compared with those without visual impairment (HR 1.70; 95% CI, 1.00\u20132.87; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.049).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visual impairment was associated with all\u2010cause mortality in a cohort of Indigenous Australians. However, diabetic retinopathy was the only ocular disease that significantly increased the risk of mortality. Visual impairment secondary to diabetic retinopathy may be an important predictor of mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T15:36:38Z","timestamp":1497627398000},"page":"18-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association of disease\u2010specific causes of visual impairment and 10\u2010year mortality amongst Indigenous Australians: the Central Australian Ocular Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2722-0700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Estevez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Flinders Medical Centre  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7558-0607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Kaidonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Flinders Medical Centre  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Alice Springs Hospital  Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie E","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Flinders Medical Centre  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Landers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Flinders Medical Centre  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"AIHW2015.Mortality and life expectancy of Indigenous Australians: 2008 to 2012. 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