{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:25:42Z","timestamp":1778631942335,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003921","name":"Department of Health, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>National data on eye health\u2010care service utilization will inform Australia's eye health policy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the utilization of eye health\u2010care services by Australians.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Indigenous Australians aged 40\u00a0years and older and non\u2010Indigenous Australians aged 50\u00a0years and older.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One thousand seven hundred thirty\u2010eight Indigenous Australians and 3098 non\u2010Indigenous Australians were recruited from 30 randomly selected sites, stratified by remoteness. Sociodemographic, ocular history and eye health\u2010care service utilization data were collected, and an eye examination was conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recentness of eye examinations, types of providers used and associated risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately 67.0% of Indigenous Australians and 82.5% of non\u2010Indigenous Australians underwent an eye examination within the previous 2\u00a0years. Indigenous status (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), male gender (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), Outer Regional (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and Very Remote (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) residence were associated with less recent examinations. Participants with &gt;self\u2010reported eye disease or diabetes were most likely to have been examined within the past year (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). For Indigenous Australians, older age was associated with recent eye testing (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001). Those with retinal disease and cataract were more likely to see an ophthalmologist (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and those with refractive error were more likely to see an optometrist (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). In Regional Australia, non\u2010Indigenouspeople were more likely to see optometrists (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and Indigenous Australians were more likely to utilize other, non\u2010specialistservices (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eye examination frequency has improved in Indigenous and non\u2010Indigenous Australians compared with previous population\u2010based research. Further improvements are required in risk groups including Indigenous Australians and those living in Regional and Remote areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,9]],"date-time":"2017-08-09T17:52:43Z","timestamp":1502301163000},"page":"213-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Utilization of eye health\u2010care services in Australia: the National Eye Health Survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3685-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Foreman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Keel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugh R","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indigenous Eye Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Dirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Global Human Resource Development Assessment for Comprehensive Eye Care","author":"IAPB","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Productivity Commission.Australia's health workforce research report. 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