{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:26:54Z","timestamp":1784608014772,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]],"date-time":"2018-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1090466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1090466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004752","name":"State Government of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011779","name":"Brien Holden Vision Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011779","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Choroidal nevi are a common incidental finding on fundus examination. The National Eye Health Survey (NEHS, 2015\u20132016) provides an up\u2010to\u2010date estimate of the prevalence of choroidal nevi in non\u2010Indigenous and Indigenous Australian adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the prevalence and characteristics of choroidal nevi among non\u2010Indigenous and Indigenous Australian adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 3098 non\u2010Indigenous Australians (aged 50\u201398\u2009years) and 1738 Indigenous Australians (aged 40\u201392\u2009years) living in 30 randomly selected sites, stratified by remoteness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Choroidal nevi were graded from retinal photographs using standard protocols.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of choroidal nevi.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the non\u2010Indigenous population aged 50\u2009years and over, the weighted prevalence of choroidal nevi was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.4, 3.3). Among Indigenous Australians aged 40\u2009years and over, the weighted prevalence of choroidal nevi was 0.68% (95% CI: 0.4, 1.3). The average maximum diameter, surface area and distance from the disc of the choroidal nevi was 1730\u2009\u03bcm, 2\u2009766\u2009800 \u03bcm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and 3400\u2009\u03bcm, respectively. After multivariate adjustments, Indigenous participants (OR\u2009= 0.28, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) and those of older age (OR\u2009= 0.79 per 10 years, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02) were less likely to have choroidal nevi. Choroidal nevus was not the primary cause of vision loss in any participant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Choroidal nevi were relatively infrequent among NEHS participants, however non\u2010Indigenous Australians had a significantly higher prevalence than Indigenous Australians. Choroidal nevi did not affect visual acuity and the majority were small.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,2]],"date-time":"2018-03-02T06:36:39Z","timestamp":1519972599000},"page":"777-782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence and characteristics of choroidal nevi: the Australian National Eye Health Survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6756-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart","family":"Keel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3685-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Foreman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9437-784X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugh R","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indigenous Eye Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Dirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Problems in the differential diagnosis of choroidal nevi and malignant melanoma. 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