{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T06:07:11Z","timestamp":1771049231245,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bureau of Science and Technology of Handan city, Hebei Province, China","award":["2006-10903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2006-10903"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People\u2019s Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2007CB512201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2007CB512201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Provision of refractive changes is important to predict eye care needs for aging population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To provide 5\u2010year refractive changes in a rural Chinese adult population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population\u2010based longitudinal study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline, 6830 subjects aged 30+ years took part in the Handan Eye Study. A total of 5394 of the 6323 survivors (85.3%) participated in the 5\u2010year follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ocular examinations including standardized refraction were performed according to the same protocol at both baseline and follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Change in spherical equivalent (SE; sphere\u2009+\u20091\/2 cylinder) and astigmatism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 3970 right eyes were available for refraction analysis. The 5\u2010year change in SE for all subjects was +0.17 diopters (D), and was \u22120.21D, +0.14D, +0.40D and +0.08D for subjects aged 30\u201339, 40\u201349, 50\u201359, and 60\u201369\u2009years, respectively. By binary regression analysis, myopic shift was associated with severe nuclear opacity, longer axil length, diabetes and large change of lens power, while hyperopic shift was associated with older age and ocular hypertension at baseline. There was a mean change of 0.18D in the against\u2010the\u2010rule astigmatism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a myopic shift for those 30\u201339\u2009years old and a hyperopic shift from 40 to 69\u2009years old in a rural Chinese adult population. Those with severe nuclear opacity, longer axil length, diabetes and large change of lens power tended to have a myopic shift, while those being older and having ocular hypertension at baseline were prone to have a hyperopic shift. There was also an increase in against\u2010the\u2010rule astigmatism in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]],"date-time":"2018-03-31T10:22:06Z","timestamp":1522491726000},"page":"873-881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Five\u2010year refractive changes in a rural Chinese adult population and its related factors: the Handan Eye Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Shi\u2010Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijin Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Handan Eye Hospital  Hebei Province 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Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijin Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Handan Eye Hospital  Hebei Province China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijin Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Handan Eye Hospital  Hebei Province China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ailian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijin Tongren Eye Center, Beijing 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