{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:49:34Z","timestamp":1790880574167,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001782","name":"University of Melbourne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01\u2010EY\u20102103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01\u2010EY\u20102103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003747","name":"Department of Health, State Government of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study helps to better understand the need and trend in presbyopic add power in the aging society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Distribution and progression of presbyopic add power in East Asian population is largely unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>About 303 participants from a population\u2010based study of residents aged 35\u2009years and older in Guangzhou, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visual acuity (VA) test and non\u2010cycloplegic automated refraction were performed at baseline in 2008 and the 6\u2010year follow\u2010up per standardized protocol. Participants with presenting near VA \u2264 20\/40 underwent distance subjective refraction and add power measurement by increasing plus lens at a standard distance of 40\u2009cm at each visit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Add power at baseline and follow\u2010ups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean (standard deviation) age of the study participants was 57.6 (11.1) years and 50.2% were female. The mean add power at baseline was 1.43, 1.73, 2.03 and 2.20 diopters (D) for individuals in the age groups of 35\u201344, 45\u201354, 55\u201364 and 65+ years, respectively. Participants with older age and lower educational level had significantly higher add power requirements (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The overall 6\u2010year increase in add power was 0.15D (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.25), and was smaller in myopic subjects (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). Baseline age and add power, but not changes in biometric factors, were associated with longitudinal change in add power (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Distribution and progression of add power in Chinese was different from that previously suggested by Caucasian studies. More studies are needed to establish up\u2010to\u2010date age\u2010related add power prescription norms for population of different ethnicities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T02:47:23Z","timestamp":1523933243000},"page":"882-887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Distribution and progression of add power among people in need of near correction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery University of Melbourne  Melbourne Southeastern Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei Ying","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery University of Melbourne  Melbourne Southeastern Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Healgoo Interactive Medical Technology Co. 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