{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T02:04:34Z","timestamp":1779242674621,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diagnosis codes are inadequate for accurately identifying herpes zoster (HZ) ophthalmicus (HZO). There is significant lack of population\u2010based studies on HZO due to the high expense of manual review of medical records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess whether HZO can be identified from the clinical notes using natural language processing (NLP). To investigate the epidemiology of HZO among HZ population based on the developed approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 49 914 southern California residents aged over 18 years, who had a new diagnosis of HZ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An NLP\u2010based algorithm was developed and validated with the manually curated validation data set (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 461). The algorithm was applied on over 1 million clinical notes associated with the study population. HZO <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> non\u2010HZO cases were compared by age, sex, race and co\u2010morbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured the accuracy of NLP algorithm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>NLP algorithm achieved 95.6% sensitivity and 99.3% specificity. Compared to the diagnosis codes, NLP identified significant more HZO cases among HZ population (13.9% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 1.7%). Compared to the non\u2010HZO group, the HZO group was older, had more males, had more Whites and had more outpatient visits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed and validated an automatic method to identify HZO cases with high accuracy. As one of the largest studies on HZO, our finding emphasizes the importance of preventing HZ in the elderly population. This method can be a valuable tool to support population\u2010based studies and clinical care of HZO in the era of big data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T16:35:55Z","timestamp":1529426155000},"page":"7-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Using natural language processing for identification of herpes zoster ophthalmicus cases to support population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4194-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengyi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California  Pasadena California 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