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Although AI has broad application across many medical fields, it will have particular utility in ophthalmology and will dramatically change the diagnostic and treatment pathways for many eye conditions such as corneal ectasias, glaucoma, age\u2010related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. However, given that AI has primarily been driven as a computer science, its concepts and terminology are unfamiliar to many medical professionals. Important key terms such as machine learning and deep learning are often misunderstood and incorrectly used interchangeably. This article presents an overview of AI and new developments relevant to ophthalmology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T06:36:28Z","timestamp":1535610988000},"page":"128-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Current state and future prospects of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: a review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3206-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel T","family":"Hogarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Mackey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Vision Sciences, University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex W","family":"Hewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Vision Sciences, University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASRU.2011.6163930"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BordesA ChopraS WestonJ. 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