{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:46:47Z","timestamp":1787014007981,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY010572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY010572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007817","name":"Alcon Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Young Investigator Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Young Investigator Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007817","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002028","name":"Collins Medical Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008097","name":"Edward N. and Della L. Thome Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Program in Age\u2010Related Macular Degeneration Researh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Program in Age\u2010Related Macular Degeneration Researh"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08 EY022948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 EY022948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY010572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY010572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006668","name":"Oregon Health and Science University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Physician\u2010Scientist Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Physician\u2010Scientist Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Career Development Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Career Development Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Unrestricted departmental funding"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted departmental funding"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this article is to review the literature on relationships between the intestinal microbiota and ocular inflammatory disease, specifically non\u2010infectious uveitis and age\u2010related macular degeneration. The importance of the intestinal microbiota in uveitis pathogenesis has been shown by multiple groups demonstrating that alterations in the microbiota induced by certain oral antibiotics results in reduced uveitis severity, and another group demonstrating that a commensal intestinal bacterial antigen activates retina\u2010specific autoreactive T cells, potentially indicating a commensal trigger for uveitis. Additionally, commensal intestinal bacterial metabolite short chain fatty acids can be utilized to suppress autoimmune uveitis. Age\u2010related macular degeneration is associated with intestinal dysbiosis, which is partially influenced by genetic risk alleles and AREDS supplementation. Strategies for therapeutically targeting the intestinal microbiota might involve several approaches, including the use of antibiotics, dietary changes, drugs that supplement beneficial bacterial metabolites or target causative bacterial strains, dietary strategies or faecal microbial transplantation. In summary, the intestinal microbiota are at the cross\u2010roads of genetic and environmental factors that can promote ocular conditions such as non\u2010infectious uveitis and age\u2010related macular degeneration, partially via its dynamic influence on mucosal and systemic immunity. The intestinal microbiome thus represents a salient potential target for therapeutic modulation to treat these potentially blinding conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T22:14:14Z","timestamp":1551737654000},"page":"418-422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Importance of the intestinal microbiota in ocular inflammatory diseases: A review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2918-5470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phoebe","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Casey Eye Institute Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137429"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1617460113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198469"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909122107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241165"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0097-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711233114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105684"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24813"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5065703"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12163-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0520-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3448"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002593"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702302114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40826"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R116.765388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"814","article-title":"Gut microbiota\u2010dependent trimethylamine N\u2010oxide in acute coronary syndromes: a prognostic marker for incident cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors","volume":"38","author":"Li XS","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001443"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir632"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fceo.13493","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ceo.13493","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ceo.13493","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ceo.13493","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T17:30:37Z","timestamp":1694367037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ceo.13493"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ceo.13493"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ceo.13493","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1442-6404","1442-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1442-6404","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-12-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}