{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T05:00:33Z","timestamp":1775624433546,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001311","name":"Ulverscroft Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001311","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Presbyopia, an essentially universal, age\u2010related loss of the ability to focus un\u2010aided on near objects, is the world's leading cause of visual impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smartphone use is widespread in China, but little is known about the prevalence, determinants and correction of difficulties with smartphone use in the setting of presbyopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional data from a population\u2010based longitudinal cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1817 persons aged \u226535\u2009years in Guangzhou, Southern China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants underwent near visual acuity (NVA) testing and completed questionnaires on smartphone usage detailing knowledge of their own presbyopia status, frequency (hours\/day) and subjective difficulties with use of mobile and smartphones. Presbyopia was defined as uncorrected bilateral NVA \u22646\/12 with best\u2010corrected bilateral NVA &gt;6\/12.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Difficulty in smartphone use associated with uncorrected presbyopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 1427 respondents (78.5%) undergoing examination, 1191 (83.5%) completed questionnaires (mean age 52.3\u2009\u00b1\u200911.6 years; 54.9% women). Among 451 persons (37.8%) with presbyopia owning smartphones, 290 (64.3%) reported difficulty using them. Multiple ordinal logistic regression modelling showed difficulty in smartphone use due to presbyopia was associated with higher educational level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.013), worse NVA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and more time spent using smartphones (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002 for 1\u20103 hours\/day). Among persons with presbyopia owning smartphones, 353 (78.0%) said they would pay &gt;US$15 (median US$45) for innovations making smartphone use easier.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Difficulty in using smartphones in the presence of presbyopia is common and affected persons are willing to pay for useful solutions to the problem.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T15:44:20Z","timestamp":1557935060000},"page":"909-917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Influence of presbyopia on smartphone usage among Chinese adults: A population study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Congyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen 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