{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T07:47:45Z","timestamp":1771919265107,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study introduces a new technique in the assessment of nasolacrimal drainage with magnetic resonance imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe a new dynamic magnetic resonance dacryocystography (MRDCG) protocol and report normative findings on asymptomatic lacrimal drainage systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective observational study at the Royal Adelaide Hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen patients with unilateral epiphora were prospectively recruited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients underwent dynamic MRDCG. The time\u2010resolved angiography with interleaved stochastic trajectories (TWIST) sequence was used to visualise contrast flow through the lacrimal drainage system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tear transit times and anatomical dimensions were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dynamic MRDCG with TWIST sequence reliably demonstrated contrast flow. Tear transit times and anatomical dimensions were comparable to previously reported values in other imaging modalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dynamic MRDCG provides good structural and temporal resolution to the assessment of lacrimal outflow obstructions. The physiological nature of this modality allows potential assessment for functional obstruction and future research on tear flow assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T15:04:05Z","timestamp":1566572645000},"page":"1131-1137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Time\u2010resolved three\u2010dimensional technique for dynamic magnetic resonance dacryocystography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7716-4538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul I.","family":"Sia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia 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