{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:47:55Z","timestamp":1790736475636,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]],"date-time":"2020-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1109330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1109330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004752","name":"State Government of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Centre for Eye Research Australia receives Operati"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Centre for Eye Research Australia receives Operati"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The epidemiology of episcleritis and scleritis in Australia is largely unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the incidence, prevalence and clinical characteristics of episcleritis and scleritis in Melbourne.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective longitudinal study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients aged \u226518\u2009years with episcleritis or scleritis seen at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital from November 2014 to October 2015.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical record review confirmed clinical diagnosis and characteristics. Incidence and prevalence were calculated using estimates of the adult population in areas of Melbourne with \u226530 ocular presentations\/year to the emergency department.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diagnosis of active episcleritis or scleritis, aetiology, ocular complications and treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From a general population of 3\u2009408\u2009068, we confirmed 149 new and 23 pre\u2010existing cases of active episcleritis, and 35 new and 23 pre\u2010existing cases of active scleritis. Incidence per 100\u2009000 person\u2010years was 4.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7\u20105.1) for episcleritis and 1.0 (95% CI 0.7\u20101.4) for scleritis, while 12\u2010month prevalence was 5.1 (95% CI 4.3\u20105.9) and 1.7 (1.3\u20102.2) per 100\u2009000 persons, respectively. Systemic disease was associated with 10% of episcleritis compared with 34% of scleritis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u2009.001). Ocular complications were seen in 3% (6\/184) of episcleritis eyes and 44% (32\/72) of scleritis eyes, with the commonest being anterior uveitis (12\/72) and ocular hypertension (14\/72). At presentation, scleritis patients were commonly treated with oral non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (60%) and prednisolone (19%). By 12\u2009months, 24% of scleritis patients required immunosuppressants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rates of episcleritis and scleritis in our single\u2010centre Australian study were low. Episcleritis was usually benign, whereas scleritis had increased ocular complications and systemic disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,12]],"date-time":"2020-04-12T08:03:25Z","timestamp":1586678605000},"page":"757-766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Epidemiology of episcleritis and scleritis in urban Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2427-9857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louisa P.","family":"Thong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie L.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3739-8177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colby T.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Alfred Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndell L.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2005.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182a407c3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00710-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32269-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13517"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2016 Census QuickStats: Greater Melbourne.2017.http:\/\/www.censusdata.abs.gov.au\/census_services\/getproduct\/census\/2016\/quickstat\/2GMEL. 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