{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:27:18Z","timestamp":1790476038774,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the largest Gram\u2010negative endophthalmitis specific series and provides important evidence to guide management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endophthalmitis is a sight\u2010threatening emergency. Gram\u2010negative infections are associated with poorer visual outcomes; however, there is limited literature pertaining to this uncommon condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients presenting with endophthalmitis to a tertiary institution over a 20\u2010year period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected prospectively and entered into a registry. Patients with microbiological evidence of Gram\u2010negative infection were included in the analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcomes measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Final visual acuity (VA), precipitating events, causative organisms, antibiotic sensitivity profiles and risk factors for poor visual outcomes were reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred Gram\u2010negative organisms were isolated in 97 eyes. Final VA was worse than 6\/60 in 65 (67.0%) eyes at follow\u2010up and 29 (29.9%) eyes were eviscerated or enucleated. Microbial keratitis (26.8%, n = 26) and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (34.0%, n = 34) were the most common precipitating event and causative organism, respectively. Eight (8.0%) isolates were third\u2010generation cephalosporin resistant; of which, 7 (88.0%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Preceding microbial keratitis (OR = 13.16, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u2009.015) or <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> infections (OR = 3.40, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u2009.045) were strongly associated with poorer visual outcomes (worse than 6\/60).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visual outcomes following Gram\u2010negative endophthalmitis are extremely poor, with almost 30% of patients being eviscerated or enucleated. A majority of ceftazidime resistant organisms are sensitive to ciprofloxacin, providing evidence to support the empirical use of quinolones. Clinicians should be mindful that infections secondary to <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> or microbial keratitis carry a particularly poor prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T12:31:04Z","timestamp":1588163464000},"page":"813-820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Gram\u2010negative endophthalmitis: A prospective study examining the microbiology, clinical associations and visual outcomes following infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5708-5250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis J.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosie C. 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