{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T21:32:39Z","timestamp":1784151159372,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling network plays a key role in growth and development, autophagy, metabolism, inflammation as well as ageing, and it is therefore important in ocular health and disease. mTOR dysregulation has been identified in a range of conditions, including age\u2010related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, traumatic optic neuropathy and glaucoma. Experimental modulation of the pathway has contributed to the understanding of these diseases and offers the potential for new avenues of therapy. This review discusses the mTOR pathway and its role in health and in diseases of the retina and optic nerve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T09:04:21Z","timestamp":1594199061000},"page":"1072-1084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Metabolic pathways in context: <scp>mTOR<\/scp> signalling in the retina and optic nerve \u2010 A review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3838-8795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne, Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8800-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"van Wijngaarden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne, Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery University of Melbourne  Melbourne, Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002030100345"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1159\/000438951","volume-title":"Retinal Pharmacotherapeutics. Developments in Ophthalmology","author":"Agarwal A","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12804"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0205-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2018-0004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-019-0380-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-016-2171-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13449"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1716173114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0202-128"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","series-title":"Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology and Geriatrics","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1159\/000364974","volume-title":"Aging and Health \u2013 a Systems Biology Perspective","author":"Johnson SC","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4011-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004624"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.178012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04774-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm4024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000487486"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12796"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2010.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S198401"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2018.1545836"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11650"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181e7978e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","volume-title":"Sirolimus in Conjunction With Eylea vs Eylea Alone for Exudative AMD (NCT02732899)","author":"ClinicalTrials.gov","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","volume-title":"Sirolimus Versus Anti\u2010Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (antiVEGF) for Wet AMD (NCT02357342)","author":"ClinicalTrials.gov","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1694-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-013-2375-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00021.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0754-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111718"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12462"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.330"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2147-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3RI0615-239R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15877"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2006.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-61115-0_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802733-2.00001-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604921"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b17-00475"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18795"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107461"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","unstructured":"MaturiR ChhablaniJ HarlessA JapeenA BrachaP.Sirolimus in conjunction with aflibercept vs. aflibercept monotherapy for the treatment of chronic exudative AMD. Paper presented at: 35th annual meeting of the American Society of Retina Specialists; Boston MA2017."},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","first-page":"2967","article-title":"Prospective, randomized, subject\u2010masked evaluation of intravitreal Sirolimus vs. anti\u2010VEGF in chronic neovascular AMD with persistent retinal fluid: 1\u2010year follow\u2010up","volume":"58","author":"Bracha P","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-606-7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17511"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000453207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2017.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12311"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.07.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2234"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1198-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI79766"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddw256"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.182"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701576"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10594"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2011.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_92_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Role of mammalian target of rapamycin in regulating HIF\u20101alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor signals in glaucoma","author":"Zhou J","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_93_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Different contributions of autophagy to retinal ganglion cell death in the diabetic and glaucomatous retinas","volume":"8","author":"Park HYL","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099719"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-1559-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.05.003"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fceo.13819","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ceo.13819","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ceo.13819","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ceo.13819","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T01:22:57Z","timestamp":1693876977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ceo.13819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ceo.13819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ceo.13819","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1442-6404","1442-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1442-6404","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}