{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:55:34Z","timestamp":1761897334001,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870663"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high prevalence of retinal abnormalities have been reported in congenital heart disease (CHD), but quantitative analysis of retinal vasculature is scarce. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive method to quantitatively assess the retinal microvasculature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the retinal microvasculature changes in CHD patients by using OCTA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 158 participants including 57 cyanotic CHD (CCHD) patients, 60 acyanotic CHD (ACHD) patients and 41 control subjects were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, including refraction measurement, intraocular pressure measurement and OCTA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vessel density (VD) was measured within the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC), superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) of the macula.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CCHD patients had significantly lower VD in the RPC, SCP and DCP (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) compared to control subjects, and significantly lower VD in the RPC and DCP (both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) compared to ACHD patients. Besides, among the CHD group, VD in the RPC was positively correlated with oxygen saturation (whole image, <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic> = 0.45; peripapillary, <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic> = 0.48) and negatively correlated with haematocrit (whole image, <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic> = 0.55; peripapillary, <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic> = 0.55) (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retinal VD might be a surrogate to reflect the effect of chronic systemic hypoxemia in CHD patients. OCTA could be a convenient and noninvasive tool to evaluate the retinal structure and function in CHD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T05:13:00Z","timestamp":1598677980000},"page":"1219-1228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Retinal microvasculature impairment in patients with congenital heart disease investigated by optical coherence tomography angiography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Cong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology  Guangzhou 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