{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:36:34Z","timestamp":1784298994478,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ocular coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is available in varying size and resolution. We sought to characterise associations of cardiometabolic factors with retinal microvascular changes using 3\u2009\u00d7\u20093, 6\u2009\u00d7\u20096 and 8\u2009\u00d7\u20098\u2010mm OCTA scans to determine differences in detection with varying scan size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study of 247 cardiovascular patients from a single\u2010centre tertiary\u2010care hospital. Demographic, comorbidity and medication data were obtained. Patients underwent 3\u2009\u00d7\u20093, 6\u2009\u00d7\u20096 and 8\u2009\u00d7\u20098\u2010mm macula OCTA scanning using Carl Zeiss CIRRUS HD\u2010OCT Model 5000. Angioplex and AngioTool software was used to quantify vascular parameters in the superficial capillary plexus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing age, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease were associated with reductions in vessel density, vessel perfusion, average vessel length and\/or junction density in 3\u2009\u00d7\u20093\u2010mm OCTA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05 for all). Conversely, smoking was associated with increased vessel density, vessel length and junction density in 3\u2009\u00d7\u20093\u2010mm OCTA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05 for all). Associations of vessel abnormalities with cardiometabolic factors were progressively weakened and statistically attenuated in 6\u2009\u00d7\u20096 and 8\u2009\u00d7\u20098\u2010mm OCTA scans. In multivariate analyses, dyslipidaemia remained an independent predictor of reduced vessel density, average vessel length and junction density (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiometabolic factors are associated with multiple retinal microvascular changes in 3\u2009\u00d7\u20093\u2010mm OCTA scans. These associations were weakened and progressively attenuated in OCTA scans of larger 6\u2009\u00d7\u20096 and 8\u2009\u00d7\u20098\u2010mm size. These findings advance our understanding of microcirculatory dysfunction and may have future implications for the screening and management of patients with cardiometabolic risk factors. Additional studies are required to further investigate these important associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T04:46:52Z","timestamp":1614746812000},"page":"260-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Impact of cardiometabolic factors on retinal vasculature: A 3\u2009\u00d7\u20093, 6\u2009\u00d7\u20096 and 8\u2009\u00d7\u20098\u2010mm ocular coherence tomography angiography study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Michelle T.","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WengOnn","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie E.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Flinders University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lachlan S. W.","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Flinders University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashanthan","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Newland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Casson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Selva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher X.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001916"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eop.09.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001951"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24090"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-018-1115-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12555"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000765"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1549-8719.2010.00075.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1376"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-4-200402170-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.9.1153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001738"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.108.784876"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66736-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","article-title":"Changes in the retinal microvasculature measured using optical coherence tomography angiography according to age","volume":"9","author":"Park SH","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-7-54"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701668"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44874"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2019.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm255"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46746-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20170802-03"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.8.42"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; 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