{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T17:53:13Z","timestamp":1784224393572,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nocturnal hypoxia is common, under\u2010diagnosed and is found in the same demographic at risk of age\u2010related macular degeneration (AMD). The objective of this study was to determine any association between nocturnal hypoxia and AMD, its severity, and the high\u2010risk sub\u2010phenotype of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study included participants aged \u226550\u2009years with AMD, or normal controls, exclusive of those on treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea. All participants had at home, overnight (up to 3 nights) pulse oximetry recordings and multimodal imaging to classify AMD. Classification of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) was determined based on oxygen desaturation index [ODI] with mild having values of 5\u201315 and moderate\u2010to\u2010severe &gt;15.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 225 participants were included with 76% having AMD, of which 42% had coexistent RPD. Of the AMD participants, 53% had early\/intermediate AMD, 30% had geographic atrophy (GA) and 17% had neovascular AMD (nAMD). Overall, mild or moderate\u2010to\u2010severe OSAwas not associated with an increased odds of having AMD nor AMD with RPD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.180). However, moderate\u2010to\u2010severe OSA was associated with increased odds of having nAMD (odds ratio\u2009=\u20096.35; 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20091.18 to 34.28; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.032), but not early\/intermediate AMD or GA, compared to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.130). Mild OSA was not associated with differences in odds of having AMD of any severity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.277).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was an association between nocturnal hypoxia as measured by the ODI and nAMD. Hence, nocturnal hypoxia may be an under\u2010appreciated important modifiable risk factor for nAMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:04:37Z","timestamp":1722557077000},"page":"973-980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nocturnal hypoxia and age\u2010related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2446-7791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attiqa","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology) The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria 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Y.","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology) The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palaniraj R.","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health\/Save Sight Institute The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Naughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory 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