{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T12:31:42Z","timestamp":1788784302777,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A1515012257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515012257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness, and gut microbiota (GM) is associated with glaucoma. Whether this association represents a causal role remains unknown. This study aims to assess the potential association and causal link between GM and various forms of glaucoma, emphasising the need for cautious interpretation of the strength of these associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Employing a two\u2010sample bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR) framework with false discovery rate correction and various sensitivity analyses, supplemented by genetic correlation analysis via linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and colocalisation for European summary\u2010level data between MiBioGen consortium and FinnGen Study, we sought to explore the relationship between GM and glaucoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>While certain microbial taxa showed potential associations with glaucoma subtypes (e.g., <jats:italic>Erysipelotrichaceae<\/jats:italic> with primary angle closure glaucoma, <jats:italic>Senegalimassilia<\/jats:italic> with exfoliation glaucoma), the overall findings suggest a complex and not definitively causal relationship between GM and glaucoma. Notably, reverse MR analysis did not establish a significant causal effect of glaucoma on GM composition, and no consistent genetic correlations were observed between GM and glaucoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>While our study provides some evidence of associations between specific GM taxa and glaucoma, the results underscore the complexity of these relationships and the need for further research to clarify the potential causal links. The findings highlight the importance of interpreting the gut\u2010eye axis with caution and suggest that while GM may play a role in glaucoma, it is unlikely to be a predominant causal factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T01:14:32Z","timestamp":1727399672000},"page":"945-956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Investigating the uncertain causal link between gut microbiota and glaucoma: A genetic correlation and Mendelian randomisation study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6154-762X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision 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