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Their faecal samples were collected and analysed at different postnatal ages of life using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Miseq platform. The main outcome measures were the microbial diversity, taxonomy, relative abundance, bacterial predicted functional analysis, and their associations with different ROP groups. Subgroup analyses were performed by matching their GA and BW across different ROP groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 268 stool samples were collected from 110 preterm infants, including 13 with type 1 ROP, 44 with type 2 or mild ROP, and 53 without ROP. Type 1 ROP showed no significant difference in microbial diversity up to 8 postnatal weeks (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.057), while type 2 and no ROP groups displayed increased diversity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0015 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.049, respectively). <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> genera was notably less abundant in type 1 ROP group at first postnatal week (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022) and remained low in subsequent weeks. Predicted functional analysis revealed enriched pathways in membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and replication and repair.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reduced gut microbial diversity may be associated with ROP development in high\u2010risk preterm infants. Further research is needed to comprehend how early\u2010life <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> reduction affects metabolism and how targeting microbiome may help for ROP prevention and management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T02:55:32Z","timestamp":1727319332000},"page":"54-66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Neonatal gut microbiota profile and the association with retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1274-0706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin\u2010Hsi","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan 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