{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:49:46Z","timestamp":1791848986969,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC2506100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2506100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A1515012470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515012470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the safety of repeated low\u2010level red\u2010light (RLRL) therapy in children, and the dynamic evolution of choroidal and retinal blood flow.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a single\u2010centre, randomised, single\u2010blind, parallel\u2010group clinical trial. Seventy myopic children were randomly assigned to either the intervention group [receiving RLRL therapy plus single\u2010vision spectacle (SVS)] or the control group (wearing SVS). Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations following their first irradiation, 9\u2009months continuous RLRL therapy and stop of treatment. Quantitative analyses of choroidal and retinal microcirculation were analysed via optical coherence tomography angiography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over 9\u2009months of treatment, while the RLRL treatment demonstrated significantly less increases in refractive error and axial length compared with the SVS treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>s\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), no abnormalities in fundus structure or visual function (mfERG, VEP and microperimetry) were detected (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>s\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). A single red\u2010light exposure did not exert a significant influence on choroidal thickness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>s\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Upon continuous treatment, the RLRL group achieved peak values in these circulations at 9\u2009months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>s\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Following cessation of exposure, all circulations exhibited a declining trend, reaching similar levels in both groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>s\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). As the frequency of red\u2010light exposures intensified, there was a consistent surge in these circulations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>s\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine months of continuous RLRL exposure does not cause toxic side effects on retinal or optic nerve functions, and there is a time\u2010dependent cumulative response in choroidal and retinal circulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T06:19:56Z","timestamp":1730873996000},"page":"119-132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Safety of and chorioretinal circulation during repeated low\u2010level red\u2010light therapy for myopic children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Zhaoxin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8537-5789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renchun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0405-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.9612"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00671-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30500-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.10.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.1548"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-020-04760-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2010.2877"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/750637"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.6.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000527787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000531509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-318199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-011-0885-2"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; 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