{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:48:41Z","timestamp":1787237321089,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to investigate the association between obesity, metabolic syndrome, and metabolic health with incident primary open\u2010angle glaucoma (POAG).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 103\u2009249 UK Biobank participants without previously diagnosed glaucoma or glaucoma\u2010related procedures at enrolment. The primary outcome was POAG identified from diagnostic coding via linked hospital inpatient and primary care data. We used multivariable Cox regression to evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI), and the interaction with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a novel definition of metabolic health status with incident POAG. BMI was modelled as a time\u2010varying coefficient. Multivariable analysis was adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, intraocular pressure, spherical equivalent, polygenic risk score and stratified by the presence of primary care data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 471 events of incident POAG over 464\u2009117\u2009580 person\u2010years and a mean follow\u2010up of 12.6\u2009years [Correction added on 18 December 2024, after first online publication: in the \u201cResults\u201d section of the Abstract, the events of incident POAG have been corrected from 647 to 471]. At baseline (time\u2009=\u20090), each one unit increase in BMI was associated with a 9% lower hazard of incident glaucoma (HR 0.91, CI 0.86\u20130.97,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0066). Further, compared to a normal BMI range of 18.5\u201324\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , a BMI \u226530\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      was associated with a 65% relative hazard reduction (HR 0.35, CI 0.16\u20130.80,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012). There was no significant interaction between BMI and metabolic syndrome or metabolic health (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effect of BMI on the risk of incident POAG varied with time. Higher BMI was associated with a decreased risk of incident POAG in this large prospective cohort. There was no significant association with systemic metabolic health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T19:53:05Z","timestamp":1731959585000},"page":"133-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association of obesity and metabolic syndrome with incident primary open angle glaucoma in the\n                    <scp>UK<\/scp>\n                    Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1110-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmelo Z.","family":"Macri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher X.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2822-4076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Casson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuldev","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Byers Eye Institute Stanford University  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Byers Eye Institute Stanford University  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8066-9278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle T.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Byers Eye Institute Stanford University  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0812-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"510","article-title":"The association of intraocular pressure with metabolic syndrome and its components: a meta\u2010analysis and systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Wang YX","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2019.0048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.8860"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02535-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.8505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307270"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"ThompsonDJ WellsD SelzamS et al.UK biobank release and systematic evaluation of optimised polygenic risk scores for 53 diseases and quantitative traits.medRxiv2022: 2022.06.16.22276246."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3462-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100070092031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.8.1101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8220"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.06.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2010.02015.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.8.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019285"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; 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