{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:32:46Z","timestamp":1783524766842,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the level of ganciclovir in the aqueous humour (AH) following topical application of 2.0% ganciclovir eye drop in eyes with cytomegalovirus (CMV) anterior segment infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a prospective, non\u2010randomised, interventional clinical study. We enrolled patients with active CMV anterior segment infection. Patients were treated with 2.0% ganciclovir eye drop, which was administered one drop every 3\u2009h for 6\u2009weeks. At the end of week 6, the CMV viral load in the AH was measured using real time polymerase chain reaction and the ganciclovir concentration in the AH was measured using high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry. The clinical activity and central corneal thickness (CCT) were recorded at baseline and post\u2010treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 25 eyes of 25 patients studied, 21 had anterior uveitis and 4 had endotheliitis. After 6\u2009weeks of treatment, 22 eyes did not have any inflammation in the anterior chamber (AC) and CMV was undetectable on real time PCR. Three eyes of non\u2010compliant patients responded partially with reduced AC inflammation and decreased CMV viral load in the AH. The mean ganciclovir concentration in the AH was 1252.88\u2009\u00b1\u20092408.82\u2009ng\/mL. There was no significant correlation between the ganciclovir concentration in the AH and the CCT (Spearmen's <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009+0.19, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.36).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010hourly application of 2.0% ganciclovir eye drops resulted in effective intra\u2010cameral penetration with drug concentrations in the AH exceeding the 50% inhibitory dose for CMV replication. The ocular penetration of the ganciclovir eye drop was not dependent on corneal thickness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T05:44:34Z","timestamp":1732599874000},"page":"384-390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Aqueous humour concentration of topically applied 2.0% ganciclovir eye drops in eyes with cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis and endotheliitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8587-2411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samanthila","family":"Waduthantri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocular Inflammation and Immunology Singapore National Eye Centre  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Ocular Inflammation and Immunology Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Research Centre for SHARP Vision The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Research  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soon Phaik","family":"Chee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocular Inflammation and Immunology Singapore National Eye Centre  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Ocular Inflammation and Immunology Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Department of Ophthalmology Duke\u2010NUS Medical School  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.167767"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191850"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-308238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2012.02888.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.848820"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S370905"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2018.1486436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth\u20102016\u2010000061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp180564"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"1239","volume-title":"Basic and Clinical Pharmacology","author":"Katzung BG","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40199-015-0132-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307587"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.3.214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1994.10.439"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Iris\u2010Pharma.Ocular pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir (GV 550 ophthalmic gel) after instillation in intact and deepithelialized eyes of pigmented rabbit. 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