{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:09:05Z","timestamp":1791335345223,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC112\u20102314\u2010B\u2010A49\u2010014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC112\u20102314\u2010B\u2010A49\u2010014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of early ophthalmic referral for premyopic preschoolers on myopic spherical equivalent (SE) shift after school entry; and to identify risk factors for nonadherence to follow\u2010up care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A population\u2010based longitudinal study followed 742 premyopic preschoolers (\u22120.5\u2009D\u2009&lt;\u2009SE\u2009\u2264\u2009+0.75\u2009D) from a countywide screening in Yilan, Taiwan (2021\u20132022), into first or second grade in elementary school (2023). Cycloplegic autorefraction and caregiver questionnaires were collected at baseline and follow\u2010up. Children screened in 2022 comprised the intervention cohort, while those screened in 2021 formed the comparison cohort. Multiple regression analyses assessed factors associated with myopic SE shift and nonadherence to follow\u2010up care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Amongst 742 premyopic children (mean [SD] age at follow\u2010up, 7.2 [0.4] years; 57.8% boys), the overall SE progression was \u22120.19 (0.39)\u2009D\/year and the incidence of myopia was 14.8 per 100 person\u2010years. The intervention cohort had a slower myopic SE shift than the comparison cohort (\u22120.15 vs. \u22120.22\u2009D\/year;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009). Referral at baseline was independently associated with slower SE progression (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.070;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). Amongst those referred in the intervention cohort, 63.2% adhered to follow\u2010up care. Nonadherence was associated with greater baseline hyperopia (adjusted OR, 3.77; 95% CI, 1.69\u20138.41) and rural residency (adjusted OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.23\u20133.30).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early ophthalmic referral reduced myopic progression, but follow\u2010up adherence was suboptimal, especially in children with greater hyperopia or living in rural areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T09:18:30Z","timestamp":1754731110000},"page":"1104-1114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Premyopia Management With Ophthalmic Referral Slows Myopic Shift After School Entry: A Population\u2010Based Longitudinal Study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5774-038X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Chieh","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital  Yilan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5168-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin\u2010Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital  Yilan Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yuanshan and Suao Branch Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Yilan Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiao\u2010Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital  Yilan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao\u2010You","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Center for Healthcare Policy and Research  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2026-2636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia\u2010Wei","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital Fu Jen Catholic University  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Lotung Poh\u2010Ai Hospital Lo\u2010Hsu Medical Foundation Incorporation  Yilan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mong\u2010Ping","family":"Shyong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital  Yilan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yuanshan and Suao Branch Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Yilan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen\u2010Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Bureau  Yilan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nai\u2010Wei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Public Health Bureau  Yilan Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital  Yilan Taiwan"},{"name":"Community Medicine Research Center &amp; Institute of Public Health National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2239-1132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Der\u2010Chong","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital  Yilan Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Community Medicine Research Center &amp; Institute of Public Health National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.3451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25957"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10803"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.01.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"\u201cVision Surveillance Survey of Children and Adolescents. 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