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Management of ROP has been revolutionised by anti\u2010vascular endothelial growth factor (anti\u2010VEGF) treatments. Pivotal clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of anti\u2010VEGF in the management of Type 1 ROP, while investigation of safety and long\u2010term effects is ongoing. However, infants with ROP often have persistent avascular retina (PAR) despite treatment and require lifelong monitoring for myopia, glaucoma, amblyopia, strabismus, significant refractive error, retinal tears and detachment and adult reactivation of ROP. Alternative therapeutics, including beta\u2010blockers, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin A, remain under investigation. Alongside therapeutic advancements, artificial intelligence (AI) and telemedicine programmes have the potential to expand screening accessibility, particularly in underserved regions, and improve inter\u2010observer variability, though challenges in implementation remain. Together, advanced therapeutics and AI\u2010enhanced screening hold promise for improving outcomes and reducing ROP\u2010related blindness globally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T04:45:40Z","timestamp":1757047540000},"page":"1202-1217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Review of Retinopathy of Prematurity Management in the Anti\u2010\n                    <scp>VEGF<\/scp>\n                    Era: Evolving Global Paradigms, Persistent Challenges and Our\n                    <scp>AI<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Assisted Future"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Kyle V.","family":"Marra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy S.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Nudleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shira L.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-021-01015-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jcn.JCN_102_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208129"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","article-title":"Anti\u2010Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Drugs for Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity","volume":"1","author":"Sankar M. 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