{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:16:36Z","timestamp":1792271796778,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2OD32644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2OD32644"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG060942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG060942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009399","name":"Macular Disease Foundation Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1027624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1027624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1181010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1181010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1194667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1194667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT2008382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2008382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) signify a critical phenotype driving vision loss in age\u2010related macular degeneration (AMD). This study sought to develop and externally test a deep learning (DL) model to detect RPD on optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans with expert\u2010level performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RPD were manually segmented in 9800 OCT B\u2010scans from individuals enrolled in a multicentre randomised trial. A DL model for instance segmentation of RPD was developed and evaluated against four retinal specialists in an internal test dataset. The primary outcome was the performance of the DL model for detecting RPD in OCT volumes in five external test datasets compared to two retinal specialists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In an internal test dataset consisting of 250 OCT B\u2010scans, the DL model produced RPD segmentations that had higher agreement with four retinal specialists (Dice similarity coefficient [DSC]\u2009=\u20090.76) than the agreement amongst the specialists (DSC\u2009=\u20090.68;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In the five external test datasets consisting of 1017 eyes from 812 individuals, the DL model detected RPD in OCT volumes with a similar level of performance as two retinal specialists (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve [AUC]\u2009=\u20090.94, 0.95 and 0.96 respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2265\u20090.32).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a DL model for automatic detection of RPD with expert\u2010level performance, which could be used to support the clinical management of AMD. This model has been made publicly available to facilitate future research to understand this critical, yet enigmatic, AMD phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T06:57:42Z","timestamp":1757401062000},"page":"78-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Deep Learning\u2010Based Detection of Reticular Pseudodrusen in Age\u2010Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Himeesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yelena","family":"Bagdasarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doron G.","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3572-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy C.","family":"Cohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mali","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Finger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Mannheim &amp; Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan H.","family":"Terheyden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth E.","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Queen's University Belfast Faculty of Medicine Health and Life Sciences  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9688-4845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre\u2010Henry","family":"Gabrielle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Dijon University Hospital  Dijon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Arnould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Dijon University Hospital  Dijon France"},{"name":"Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro\u2010Cardiovascular Diseases (EA 7460), Faculty of Health Sciences Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne  Dijon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Jannaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Hadoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8800-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"van Wijngaarden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1432-8977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla J.","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  East Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren A. 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