{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T03:05:22Z","timestamp":1780542322898,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare corneal nerve morphology between children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes who have dry eye and those without dry eye, and to investigate the association between corneal nerve damage and diabetic dry eye.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study was conducted at an eye hospital. Fifty paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes were divided into dry eye and non\u2010dry eye groups. Corneal nerve morphology was assessed using in\u00a0vivo confocal microscopy, including corneal nerve fibre density, corneal nerve branch density, corneal nerve fibre length, and corneal total branch density. Principal component analysis derived the corneal nerve index. Logistic regression and correlation analysis were conducted to evaluate the association between corneal nerve index and diabetic dry eye.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were no significant differences in age, gender, and other demographic characteristics between the two groups. Compared with participants without dry eye, those with dry eye showed significantly lower corneal nerve fibre density (19.93\u2009\u00b1\u20095.25 vs. 24.70\u2009\u00b1\u20096.77\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007), corneal nerve branch density (24.45\u2009\u00b1\u200913.86 vs. 34.38\u2009\u00b1\u200912.48\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011), corneal nerve fibre length (13.62\u2009\u00b1\u20092.03 vs. 15.04\u2009\u00b1\u20092.41\u2009mm\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029), and corneal total branch density (39.95\u2009\u00b1\u200917.02 vs. 51.19\u2009\u00b1\u200919.01\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032). The corneal nerve index was significantly associated with diabetic dry eye.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and dry eye exhibit more severe corneal nerve damage, suggesting a potential association between corneal nerve impairment and dry eye in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.70080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:19:12Z","timestamp":1770682752000},"page":"452-459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dry Eye in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Is Closely Associated With Corneal Nerve Morphological Alterations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2600-3559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiurong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Centre\/Shanghai Eye Hospital  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuchang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7413-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xixuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2422-7459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6831-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haidong","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Centre\/Shanghai Eye Hospital  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Centre for Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Centre for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"IDF Diabetes Atlas. Accessed December 18 2025(2025) https:\/\/diabetesatlas.org\/resources\/idf\u2010diabetes\u2010atlas\u20102025\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-024-03107-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0958-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.14.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8201053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1641827"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.14.7.16"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Modern Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Ocular Surface Disease in Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study","volume":"81","author":"\u0160torm J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cesk\u00e1 Slovensk\u00e1 Oftalmologie: Casopis Cesk\u00e9 Oftalmologick\u00e9 Spolecnosti a Slovensk\u00e9 Oftalmologick\u00e9 Spolecnosti"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24516"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.816062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2019.12.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2013.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i10.3014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13454"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2011.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.001"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"968","article-title":"Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dry Eye (2024) (In Chinese)","volume":"60","author":"Cornea Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.107197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-319057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45116-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.578233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2025.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.375308"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"1424","article-title":"Corneal Nerve Abnormalities in Painful Dry Eye Disease Patients","volume":"9","author":"Guerrero\u2010Moreno A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2025.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-2097-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70104-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13010120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9123956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00599-6"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ceo.70080","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ceo.70080","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ceo.70080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:49:47Z","timestamp":1780541387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ceo.70080"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ceo.70080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ceo.70080","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1442-6404","1442-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1442-6404","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}