{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T03:05:22Z","timestamp":1780542322003,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Exper Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101RAs) are widely used for managing Type 2 diabetes and obesity, with well\u2010documented and significant cardiometabolic benefits. Recent observational reports and pharmacovigilance data have raised concerns about a possible association between GLP\u20101RAs\u2010particularly semaglutide\u2010 and non\u2010arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a rare cause of sudden vision loss. While case reports and spontaneous reporting systems suggest a potential signal, these sources are subject to confounding and reporting bias. Observational studies offer mixed findings, with some Scandinavian registry studies reporting elevated risks while large electronic health record EHR) analyses from the U.S. and multi\u2010national databases have reported null or weak associations. Meta\u2010analyses of randomised controlled trials\u2010 the gold standard for causal inference\u2010 currently lack power to reliably assess this rare outcome but suggest, at most, a comparatively moderate increase in risk (e.g., odds ratio of 2\u20103). Overall while a causal link cannot be excluded, the numerous studies that assert an \u2018association\u2019 between GLP\u20101 RA exposure and NAION should motivate larger pooled analyses of RCTs with adjudicated ocular outcome to definitely assess risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.70096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:55:22Z","timestamp":1776905722000},"page":"554-564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is There a Causal Link Between\n                    <scp>GLP<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 Receptor Agonists and Non\u2010Arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy? A Critique of the Clinical Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Helen V.","family":"Danesh\u2010Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Joseph F.","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Neuro\u2010Ophthalmology Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213\u20108587(19)30249\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.q1645"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37765\/ajmc.2025.89778"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"2144","article-title":"A Clinical Review of GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonists: Efficacy and Safety in Diabetes and Beyond","volume":"2015","author":"Prasad\u2010Reddy L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Context"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1413352"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.125880"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db15\u20100443"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz069"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2024.2296"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IMCRJ.S531930"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886\u2010025\u201003958\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2024.6058"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2025.07.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2025.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2025.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24\u20101890"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886\u2010025\u201004096\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916\u2010025\u201004031\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2025.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2025.0349"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2024.6555"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968241268050"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","article-title":"Liraglutide and Insulin Prescriptions Associated with Increased Likelihood of Rare Vision Loss","author":"Bartelt K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70200"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16316"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-024-00620-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2025.2489"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16076"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency \u201cPRAC Concludes Eye Condition NAION is a Very Rare Side Effect of Semaglutide Medicines Ozempic Rybelsus and Wegovy \u201dEMA accessed June 6 2025 https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/news\/prac\u2010concludes\u2010eye\u2010condition\u2010naion\u2010very\u2010rare\u2010side\u2010effect\u2010semaglutide\u2010medicines\u2010ozempic\u2010rybelsus\u2010wegovy."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000002163"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000971"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; 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